Thanks for clarifying this. The tutorial includes a simple configuration where only 1 pod is configured.
However even though Kubernetes/AKS can add some more reliability by having the pod re-scheduled, this is not a silver bullet for availability solution.
Virtual Machines can have multiple failure patterns. In some of those the PV (disk) could also be impacted, and there's a risk of the disk being stuck on the failing node. The approach assumes the disk can be successfully detached/attached to another VM during the recovery, this is not always true. Adding to that the sqlserver instance wouldn't be zone redundant.
I'd suggest to consider active/backup deployment pattern for a more reliable deployment. It would require considerable effort to deploy in Kubernetes but it would be a great to have. See kubedb project for an example of deploying reliable databases in Kubernetes, which demonstrates all sorts of replication/standby patterns can also be implemented in Kubernetes, postgres-ha helm chart also demonstrates a HA setting.