Hey Chris Blackburn
I'm happy to help with your questions.
First, fileextension is already a queryable property, so you shouldn't' need to map it to a refinable managed property. You can just use it directly in a KQL query:
fileextension:mp4
See: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/keyword-queries-and-search-conditions?view=o365-worldwide#searchable-site-properties
Second, adaptive policy scopes determines the location a policy applies based on site properties - not the properties of the items within a site. So you can use adaptive scopes to apply a policy to a site based on the URL (like the first half of the query in your image) since that is a site property - but not fileextension as it is an item property.
But the fileextension property can be used with auto-labeling. So what you will probably want to do is create an adaptive scope that applies to the URL, then create an auto-labeling policy that applies to the adaptive scope and uses KQL to auto-label based on file extension.
I hope this is helpful. Thanks!