I think I have seen this work in SharePoint Online in a limited fashion in the last 2 months - but have not had a chance to test thoroughly, which is why I say 'limited'. I have been using SharePoint Wiki pages to document a simple process and inserting PNG files as screenshots of the application. When I perform a search, the PNG files I inserted, which are stored in the Site Assets library are being returned as results. I'm fairly certain it is not returning the Wiki Page and that the PNG has no metadata that would facilitate it being found as a match. I have yet to see this work with non-OCR'd PDFs, but I am also exploring the use of Muhimbi's PDF converter for use with Flow that I think could be configured to do the trick. Of course, there is a price for that, but in theory, I should be able to use Flow and have it monitor a specific SharePoint Library (or several) and when a file is added, use Muhimbi to OCR it and put it back in the same spot (or email it, or move it somewhere else).