Thanks for the update praveensri. I managed to get the Cosmos extension added to a logic apps standard csproj after a few more modifications.
 
I updated the Microsoft.Azure.Workflows.WebJobs.Extension version the projects reference to the latest version (1.1.4) as that's what the logic apps standard project references. I also had to run "dotnet add package Microsoft.Azure.Workflows.WebJobs.Extension" in the logic apps project folder before I could get the add-extension.ps1 script to run successfully. I assume that may be due to it being the first logic apps standard project I had created on this machine.
 
Now though, attempting to open a workflow in the designer results in the following error ...
 
Azure Functions Core Tools
Core Tools Version:       3.0.3568 Commit hash: e30a0ede85fd498199c28ad699ab2548593f759b  (64-bit)
Function Runtime Version: 3.0.15828.0
[2021-07-28T06:02:36.285Z] A host error has occurred during startup operation 'eb0edb82-5ec2-43dd-86fc-e96c50571974'.
[2021-07-28T06:02:36.285Z] System.Private.CoreLib: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. Microsoft.Azure.Workflows.ServiceProvider.Extensions.CosmosDB: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.Azure.Workflows.ServiceProvider.Extensions.Common, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c7c64cb54a897c02'. The system cannot find the file specified.
Value cannot be null. (Parameter 'provider')
 
This implies that your common assembly can't be found, even though it is in the nuget package and is in the ".azure-functions-core-tools\Functions\ExtensionBundles\Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle.Workflows\1.1.19\bin" folder along with its CosmosDB parent assembly.
 
Any ideas?