Hi JC,
1. The number of storage groups changes when you remove CCR/LCR configurations, because without continuous replication, the recommended maximum mailbox size changes from 200GB to 100GB. This of course is not a hard limit, but a recommendation based on general recovery times. In other words, without a secondary copy you must resort to a backup to recover; the larger the database size, the larger the restore window.
1.1. Yes you need to double. For example, on the Storage Requirements tab, notice cell A66. It states "Total Database Disk Space Required (GB) / Replica" which means that this is the total disk space required for each replica. So when continuous replication is enabled, you will need to double that number (since each replica will require disk space).
2. See my answer to #1. To determine how many databases to recommend, it's a function of mailbox size, number of mailboxes, and max database size.
3. This tool is used to calculate per server.
Hope this helps,
Ross