Outlook for Mac just decided that you don't need to send from Aliases, it just uses whatever you signed in with to send.
So when a customer was just signed in with mailto:email address removed for privacy reasons instead of their proper UPN mailto:email address removed for privacy reasons - Outlook for Mac INSISTED on sending out of the OnMicrosoft email address - even though the primary SMTP and Reply-To address were both set to the verified Custom Domain.
It worked fine in OWA, but the updated Outlook for Mac refused to send under the correct email until I removed the OnMicrosoft version, closed all Outlook Windows, and re-added it with the correct UPN.
This was all leftover from whenever the migration first came in, but it was never a problem until the recent Outlook for Mac updates