Thanks for your reply.
We compared all three affected Exchange Server SE environments.
All three servers are running Exchange SE with October SU KB5128895 (Build 15.2.2562.56) and experienced the same MapiExceptionMdbOffline issue approximately 24–36 hours after the updates.
The installed Windows updates and .NET Framework versions differ:
Server A:
- KB5126651, KB5126650, KB5127685
- .NET Framework 4.8, Release 528049
Server B and Server C:
- KB5126645, KB5126646, KB5127690
- .NET Framework 4.8, Release 533509
On Server C, the Exchange security update was installed first, followed by a reboot. The Windows updates were installed afterwards.
All three servers recovered after a full reboot.
The only identified update common to all three environments is Exchange KB5128895.
This suggests a possible regression in the Exchange security update, although an interaction with the October Windows updates cannot yet be ruled out.