Neill, pputros, Yeroen1966: Same problem here.
I installed the security update for exchange 2013 CU23 via windows update. There seem to be no problem with ECP/OWA as our Exchange Server Auth Certificate is valid.
After rebooting the first exchange server I updated the schema with an account that is schema and organizational admin.
Before and after the installation of the security update the rangeUpper value is 15312.
In the folder "C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V15\Setup\Data" the following files have changed on 07/08/2021:
PostExchange2000_schema99.ldf
PostExchange2003_schema99.ldf
PostWindows2003_schema99.ldf
schema99.ldf
It seems that not all required .ldf-files are updated by the security update. I downloaded and unpacked the .msp-file and there I can see additional files:
schemaadam.ldf
SchemaVersion.ldf (with rangerUpper value of 15313)
At least for the file "SchemaVersion.ldf" the setup tries to execute the schema update, which has no effect as the files never gets updated in the exchange installation path.
Install-ExchangeSchema -LdapFileName ($roleInstallPath + "Setup\Data\" + "SchemaVersion.ldf")
Could you confirm that? I do not want to copy the missing .ldf-files manually.