Sadly this is not the reason. The mitigations have been removed and verified:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V15\Scripts>.\Get-Mitigations.ps1
Server : Redacted-EX01
Version : Version 15.2 (Build 2562.17)
ID : PING1
Type : Ping
Description : EEMS Heartbeat probe. Does not modify any exchange settings.
Status : Applied
The following examples show that the user agent of a recent iOS client using the Calendar app gets an unexpected answer:
curl.exe -k -v -A "iOS/26.6.1 (23G83) dataaccessd/1.0" "https://mail.contoso.com/owa/calendar/.../.../calendar.ics" returns
< HTTP/1.1 302 Found
< Content-Length: 161
....
<html><head><title>Object moved</title></head><body>
<h2>Object moved to <a href="/owa/calendar/auth/errorFE.aspx?httpCode=500">here</a>.</h2>
</body></html>
while a Chrome user agent returns:
curl.exe -k -v -A "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/134.0.0.0 Safari/537.3" "https://mail.contoso.com/owa/calendar/.../.../calendar.ics"
...
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
< Content-Length: 166992
<
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
METHOD:PUBLISH
PRODID:Microsoft Exchange Server 2010
VERSION:2.0
...
Both using the same published .ics url.