stetze We have tried to reproduce this and... actually, there is no difference between August 2023 SU (or not). In other words - both August and pre-August SUs behave the same and the meeting body is "read only" in that other recipient's mailbox...
After doing a bit more digging, I am wondering if this is what caused this change: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/images-are-blocked-and-meeting-body-is-read-only-in-outlook-desktop-if-calendar-items-are-from-other-senders-for-microsoft-outlook-spoofing-vulnerability-released-august-8-2023-e11aee6f-fc9a-45da-889a-9e854a2d1efc - in other words, when meeting is received, the meeting body is now read only after this Outlook security change... and if so, this is not a change related to Exchange SU.