Q: Is there a limit for the number of sub-folders within a single public folder?
A: The recommended maximum number of sub-folders is 1000. This is the level that has been validated and is the same limit used in Exchange Online.
Q: Is there a limit for the folder depth of the hierarchy?
A: The recommended maximum depth of the hierarchy is 300 folder levels. This is the level that has been validated and is the same limit used in Exchange Online.
If you maxed out each you would be at 300,000 folders or 3x past the currently supported number of folders.
While I recognize that it is highly unlikely to max out each IMHO until the disparity between the total maximum guidance above and the total maximum number of folders supported correlate the architecture and/or guidance is illogical.
Thank you.