Good blog, I managed to get Outlook Anywhere (rpc) working after some troubleshooting.
I allready had ARR 2.5 installed on a Windows 2012 domain controller. Wich worked for some other websites than Exchange 2013. I managed to get owa working(ish) but with this blog I got it right.
Only thing that didn't work was Outlook Anywhere, it kept coming with a user and password window. In the log files I found error 400 and 401.
Eventually found that in IIS on the CAS server, in the rpc virtual directory the Basic authentication was disabled. When manually enabling Basic authentication, Outlook Anywhere works like a charm.
After that I did a change in the OutlookAnywhere config in Exchange. For both internal en external I set Basic authentication.