Gentlemen,
As many in this post, there have been reports that the version number in exchange online was not correctly updating, causing email messages to be throttled.
In this specific scenario, my exchange server 2016 was up to date with the latest security updates, but still Exchange Online reported it as not up to date. Removing and installing the latest SU for CU23 did not help so I had to dig deeper.
If you run the exchange health checker script, it said "vulnerable - Yes", even though it had the latest security update in place.
My colleague suggested to first get all the changes in place so it said "vulnerable - no".
TLDR ==> Enable extended protection on your exchange server now. If extended protection is not enabled, the version number of your Exchange Server 2016 will not properly update in Exchange Online, causing your messages to be throttled or blocked after the grace period.
Hope this helps for those running into thesame issue!
KR,
Dries