Our goal with this article is to articulate the various client connectivity scenarios you may encounter in your Exchange 2016 designs. To that end, this article will begin with a walk through of a deployment that consists of Exchange 2010 in a multi-site architecture and show how the connectivity changes with the introduction of Exchange 2016.
Existing Environment
As you can see from the above diagram, this environment contains three Active Directory sites:
Internet Facing AD Site (Site1) - This is the main AD site in the environment and has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. There are two namespaces associated with this location – mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure.
Regional Internet Facing AD Site (Site2) - This is an AD site that has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. The primary namespace is mail-region.contoso.com and resolves to the CAS2010 infrastructure located within this AD site.
Non-Internet Facing AD Site (Site3) - This is an AD site that does not have exposure to the Internet. This site contains Exchange 2010 infrastructure.
Note: The term, Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories have the ExternalURL property populated. Similarly, the term, Non-Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories do not have ExternalURL property populated.
To understand the client connectivity before we instantiate Exchange 2016 into the environment, let’s look at how each protocol works for each of the three users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the CAS2010 infrastructure and retrieve configuration settings based on their mailbox’s location.
Note: The recommended practice is to configure the 2010 Client Access server’s AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri value (which is the property value you use to set the SCP record) to point to autodiscover.contoso.com, assuming split-brain DNS is in place. If split-brain DNS is not configured, then set AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri to a value that resolves to the load balanced VIP for the 2010 Client Access servers in your environment.
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint (assuming one exists). Keep in mind the importance of configuring the RPC Client Access array endpoint correctly, as documented in Ambiguous URLs and their effect on Exchange 2010 to Exchange 2013 Migrations.
Outlook Anywhere
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet, determine that the mailbox server hosting the mailbox is located in another AD site (in this case Site3) and proxy the Outlook RPC data to the target Exchange 2010 Client Access server.
OrangeUser will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Note: In addition to the mail and directory connections, Outlook Anywhere clients also utilize Exchange Web Services and an Offline Address Book, url’s for which are provided via the Autodiscover response.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are three possible scenarios depending on what namespace the users enters and how the environment is configured:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is not configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, the user is prompted to use the correct URL to access his mailbox data.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as
his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, CAS2010 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any EAS ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an EAS ExternalURL. Assuming the device supports Autodiscover and is on a defined list of devices that supports the 451 redirect response, CAS2010 will issue a 451 response to the device, notifying the device it needs to use a new namespace, mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server. If the device is not on the supported list, then CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site2
Exchange Web Services
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site1 will service the request.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site2 will service the request.
Client Connectivity with Exchange 2016 in Site1
Exchange 2016 has now been deployed in Site1 following the guidance documented within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. As a result, Outlook Anywhere has been enabled on all Client Access servers within the infrastructure and the mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com namespaces have been moved to resolve to Exchange 2016 Client Access component infrastructure.
To understand the client connectivity now that Exchange 2016 exists in the environment, let’s look at the four users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover external namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the MBX2016 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the MBX2016 infrastructure and depending on the mailbox version, different behaviors occur:
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2010, MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that exists within the mailbox’s local site. This means that for Red User, this will be a local proxy to a CAS2010 in Site1. For Blue User and Orange User, this will be a cross-site proxy to a CAS2010 located in the user’s respective site. CAS2010 will then generate the Autodiscover response.
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2016 (Purple User), MBX2016 will proxy the request to the Exchange 2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of the user’s mailbox which will generate the Autodiscover response.
Internal Outlook Connectivity
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will still connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint.
When you have an Exchange 2016 mailbox you are using Outlook Anywhere (RPC/HTTP) or MAPI/HTTP, either within the corporate network or outside of the corporate network; RPC/TCP connectivity no longer exists for Exchange 2016 mailboxes.
Important: When you introduce Exchange 2016 into a native Exchange 2010 environment, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. Prior to moving any mailboxes to Exchange 2016, ensure you have configured your load balancer and/or firewall rules to allow traffic on /mapi/* via TCP443.
In Exchange 2010, the way Outlook Anywhere was implemented is that you had one namespace you could configure. In Exchange 2016, you have both an internal host name and an external host name. Think of it as having two sets of Outlook Anywhere settings, one for when you are connected to the corporate domain, and another for when you are not. You will see this returned to the Outlook client in the Autodiscover response via what looks like a new provider, ExHTTP. However, ExHTTP isn’t an actual provider, it is a calculated set of values from the EXCH (internal Outlook Anywhere) and EXPR (External Outlook Anywhere) settings. To correctly use these settings, the Outlook client must be patched to the appropriate levels (see the Outlook Updates for more information). Outlook will process the ExHTTP in order – internal first and external second.
Important: In the event that you are utilizing a split-brain DNS infrastructure, then you must use different names for Outlook Anywhere inside and out. Outlook will also prefer the internal settings over the external settings and since the same namespace is used for both, regardless of whether the client is internal or external, it will utilize only the internal authentication settings. By utilizing two namespaces for Outlook Anywhere, you can ensure that your internal clients can connect utilizing Kerberos authentication.
The default Exchange 2016 internal Outlook Anywhere settings don’t require HTTPS. By not requiring SSL, the client should be able to connect and not get a certificate pop-up for the mail and directory connections. However, you will still have to deploy a certificate that is trusted by the client machine for Exchange Web Services and OAB downloads.
In environments that are native Exchange 2010, when you introduce Exchange 2016, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. As long as the client supports the protocol, once a mailbox is moved to Exchange 2016, the client will reconfigure itself to use MAPI/HTTP. Upon next boot of the client, MAPI/HTTP will be utilized. It is very important to ensure that you have the correct firewall and load balancer settings in place prior to moving mailboxes, otherwise client connectivity will fail.
External Outlook Anywhere & MAPI/HTTP Connectivity
In order to support access for Outlook Anywhere clients whose mailboxes are on legacy versions of Exchange, you will need to make some changes to your environment which are documented in the steps within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. Specifically, you will need to enable Outlook Anywhere on your legacy Client Access servers and enable NTLM in addition to basic authentication for the IIS Authentication Method.
The Exchange 2016 Client Access component’s RPC proxy component sees the incoming connections, authenticates and chooses which server to route the request to (regardless of version), proxying the HTTP session to the endpoint (Exchange 2010 CAS or Exchange 2016 Mailbox server).
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in the local site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site1. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy or MAPI/HTTP endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in Site3. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will continue to access his mailbox using the Exchange 2010 regional namespace, mail-region.contoso.com.
Outlook on the web
For Outlook on the web, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. MBX2016 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. MBX2016 in Site1 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Exchange ActiveSync
For Exchange ActiveSync clients, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located. In addition, Exchange 2016 no longer supports the 451 redirect response – Exchange 2016 will always proxy ActiveSync requests (except in hybrid scenarios, where redirection is allowed).
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3. MBX2016 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios depending on how the device is configured:
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail-region.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion. Note that any new device that is configured will automatically be configured to use mail-regi
on.contoso.com.
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within another AD site. MBX2016 will issue a cross-site proxy request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that resides in the same site as the mailbox.
Exchange Web Services
Coexistence with Exchange Web Services is rather simple.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the local site.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL.
Offline Address Book
Like with Exchange Web Services, Autodiscover will provide the Offline Address Book URL.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to the Exchange 2013/2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of an OABGEN mailbox that contains a copy of OAB that is closest to the user’s mailbox.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL.
How MBX2016 Picks a Target Legacy Exchange Server
It’s important to understand that when MBX2016 proxies to a legacy Exchange Client Access server, it constructs a URL based on the server FQDN, not a load balanced namespace or the InternalURL value. But how does MBX2016 choose which legacy Client Access server to proxy the connection?
When a MBX2016 starts up, it connects to Active Directory and enumerates a topology map to understand all the Client Access servers that exist within the environment. Every 50 seconds, MBX2016 will send a lightweight request to each protocol end point to all the Client Access servers in the topology map; these requests have a user agent string of HttpProxy.ClientAccessServer2010Ping. MBX2016 expects a response - a 200/300/400 response series indicates the target server is up for the protocol in question; a 502, 503, or 504 response indicates a failure. If a failure response occurs, MBX2016 immediately retries to determine if the error was a transient error. If this second attempt fails, MBX2016 marks the target CAS as down and excludes it from being a proxy target. At the next interval (50 seconds), MBX2016 will attempt to determine the health state of the down CAS to determine if it is available.
The IIS log on a legacy Client Access server will contain the ping events. For example:
If for some reason, you would like to ensure a particular CAS2010 is never considered a proxy endpoint (or want to remove it for maintenance activities), you can do so by executing the following cmdlet on Exchange 2010:
All this discussion about HTTP-based clients is great, but what about POP and IMAP clients? Like the HTTP-based client counterparts, IMAP and POP clients are also proxied from the Exchange 2016 Client Access component to a target server (whether that be an Exchange 2016 Mailbox server or a legacy Client Access server). However, there is one key difference, there is no health-checking on the target IMAP/POP services.
When the Exchange 2016 Client Access component receives a POP or IMAP request, it will authenticate the user and perform a service discovery.
If the target mailbox is E2010, MBX2016 will enumerate the POP or IMAP InternalConnectionSettings property value for each Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the mailbox’s site. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the InternalConnectionSettings maps to the server's FQDN, and not a load-balanced namespace.
MBX2016 will choose a server to proxy the request based on the incoming connection’s configuration. If the incoming connection is over an encrypted channel, MBX2016 will try to locate an SSL proxy target first, TLS next, plaintext lastly. If the incoming connection is over a plaintext channel, MBX2016 will try to locate a plaintext proxy target first, SSL next, TLS lastly.
Important: Exchange 2016 Mailbox servers do not validate that the POP or IMAP services are actually running on the target Client Access servers. It's important, therefore, to ensure that the services are running on every legacy Client Access server if you have POP or IMAP clients in your environment.
Conclusion
Hopefully this information dispels some of the myths around proxying and redirection logic for Exchange 2016 when coexisting with Exchange 2010. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Ross Smith IV Principal Program Manager Office 365 Customer Experience
We are in the beginning states of a 2010 to 2016 on-prem migration and ran into a real goofy intermittent problem that the fix turned out to be having to modify the migrated users primary smtp prefix to match their alias because their original prefix matched the alias of another user who has not yet been migrated ... It made absolutely no sense but we have confirmed it to be the fix. Note: I'm thinking another way to fix this would have been to change the alias on the user that had not yet been migrated but we did not test this scenario as a possible fix.
The problem was extremely intermittent and the symptom was the user who migrated to 2016 would receive "Error: Your request can't be completed right now. Please try again later" when attempting to send email from OWA and if attempting to access their calendar would receive "The calendar isn't available". Digging into the conversion via browser debugging we found that when this condition occurred we saw a response messagetext "The Client Access Server version doesn't match the mailbox server version of the resource that was being accessed. To determine the correct URL to use to access the resource, use Autodiscover with the address of the resource", a response code of "ErrorWrongServerVersion", and the MessageXml contained an Autodiscover smtpaddress of the 2010 user who had not been migrated. The 2016 mailbox in question could be using OWA for 2 days or more and not have any issues and then all of the sudden the would run into this out of the blue. I typically don't post stuff but this problem really kicked our butt and there was absolutely nothing we could find on the net that was of any help.... Maybe someone at Microsoft could shed light on what could cause the "service discovery" mention in this article to incorrectly redirect an https request for a 2016 mailbox to a 2010 mailbox whose alias matched the prefix of the smtp address of the 2016 migrated user.
Do I need to alter mail flow in co-existence with exchange 2010? I know eventually I will need too, so I can decommission those servers but initially do I need to alter the mail flow and point it at directly at the exchange 2016 infrastructure or will
the exchange 2016 mailboxes be able to send messages to addresses outside of the local organization if only my exchange 2010 hub/cas servers are able to connect to my perimeter mail exchanger?
"Important: In the event that you are utilizing a split-brain DNS infrastructure, then you must use different names for Outlook Anywhere inside and out. Outlook will also prefer the internal settings over the external settings and since the same namespace is
used for both, regardless of whether the client is internal or external, it will utilize only the internal authentication settings. By utilizing two namespaces for Outlook Anywhere, you can ensure that your internal clients can connect utilizing Kerberos authentication.
"
I want to use Kerberos auth for internal clients. Is it then a requirement to use two different host names for Outlook Anywhere? (mailinternal.contoso.com/rpc & mail.external.contoso.com/rpc versus single namespace mail.contoso.com/rpc)
Great article. Should it be considered necessary to deploy the below hotfix on Exchange 2010 servers running 2008 R2? If so then could it be added to the deployment assistant?
I've come across this issue quite a bit when customers were migrating from 07/10 to 2013 and would image it's still relevant in 2010-2016 proxy scenarios.
Share
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Our goal with this article is to articulate the various client connectivity scenarios you may encounter in your Exchange 2016 designs. To that end, this article will begin with a walk through of a deployment that consists of Exchange 2010 in a multi-site architecture and show how the connectivity changes with the introduction of Exchange 2016.
Existing Environment
As you can see from the above diagram, this environment contains three Active Directory sites:
Internet Facing AD Site (Site1) - This is the main AD site in the environment and has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. There are two namespaces associated with this location – mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure.
Regional Internet Facing AD Site (Site2) - This is an AD site that has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. The primary namespace is mail-region.contoso.com and resolves to the CAS2010 infrastructure located within this AD site.
Non-Internet Facing AD Site (Site3) - This is an AD site that does not have exposure to the Internet. This site contains Exchange 2010 infrastructure.
Note: The term, Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories have the ExternalURL property populated. Similarly, the term, Non-Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories do not have ExternalURL property populated.
To understand the client connectivity before we instantiate Exchange 2016 into the environment, let’s look at how each protocol works for each of the three users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the CAS2010 infrastructure and retrieve configuration settings based on their mailbox’s location.
Note: The recommended practice is to configure the 2010 Client Access server’s AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri value (which is the property value you use to set the SCP record) to point to autodiscover.contoso.com, assuming split-brain DNS is in place. If split-brain DNS is not configured, then set AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri to a value that resolves to the load balanced VIP for the 2010 Client Access servers in your environment.
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint (assuming one exists). Keep in mind the importance of configuring the RPC Client Access array endpoint correctly, as documented in Ambiguous URLs and their effect on Exchange 2010 to Exchange 2013 Migrations.
Outlook Anywhere
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet, determine that the mailbox server hosting the mailbox is located in another AD site (in this case Site3) and proxy the Outlook RPC data to the target Exchange 2010 Client Access server.
OrangeUser will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Note: In addition to the mail and directory connections, Outlook Anywhere clients also utilize Exchange Web Services and an Offline Address Book, url’s for which are provided via the Autodiscover response.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are three possible scenarios depending on what namespace the users enters and how the environment is configured:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is not configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, the user is prompted to use the correct URL to access his mailbox data.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as\nhis namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, CAS2010 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any EAS ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an EAS ExternalURL. Assuming the device supports Autodiscover and is on a defined list of devices that supports the 451 redirect response, CAS2010 will issue a 451 response to the device, notifying the device it needs to use a new namespace, mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server. If the device is not on the supported list, then CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site2
Exchange Web Services
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site1 will service the request.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site2 will service the request.
Client Connectivity with Exchange 2016 in Site1
Exchange 2016 has now been deployed in Site1 following the guidance documented within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. As a result, Outlook Anywhere has been enabled on all Client Access servers within the infrastructure and the mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com namespaces have been moved to resolve to Exchange 2016 Client Access component infrastructure.
To understand the client connectivity now that Exchange 2016 exists in the environment, let’s look at the four users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover external namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the MBX2016 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the MBX2016 infrastructure and depending on the mailbox version, different behaviors occur:
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2010, MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that exists within the mailbox’s local site. This means that for Red User, this will be a local proxy to a CAS2010 in Site1. For Blue User and Orange User, this will be a cross-site proxy to a CAS2010 located in the user’s respective site. CAS2010 will then generate the Autodiscover response.
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2016 (Purple User), MBX2016 will proxy the request to the Exchange 2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of the user’s mailbox which will generate the Autodiscover response.
Internal Outlook Connectivity
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will still connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint.
When you have an Exchange 2016 mailbox you are using Outlook Anywhere (RPC/HTTP) or MAPI/HTTP, either within the corporate network or outside of the corporate network; RPC/TCP connectivity no longer exists for Exchange 2016 mailboxes.
Important: When you introduce Exchange 2016 into a native Exchange 2010 environment, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. Prior to moving any mailboxes to Exchange 2016, ensure you have configured your load balancer and/or firewall rules to allow traffic on /mapi/* via TCP443.
In Exchange 2010, the way Outlook Anywhere was implemented is that you had one namespace you could configure. In Exchange 2016, you have both an internal host name and an external host name. Think of it as having two sets of Outlook Anywhere settings, one for when you are connected to the corporate domain, and another for when you are not. You will see this returned to the Outlook client in the Autodiscover response via what looks like a new provider, ExHTTP. However, ExHTTP isn’t an actual provider, it is a calculated set of values from the EXCH (internal Outlook Anywhere) and EXPR (External Outlook Anywhere) settings. To correctly use these settings, the Outlook client must be patched to the appropriate levels (see the Outlook Updates for more information). Outlook will process the ExHTTP in order – internal first and external second.
Important: In the event that you are utilizing a split-brain DNS infrastructure, then you must use different names for Outlook Anywhere inside and out. Outlook will also prefer the internal settings over the external settings and since the same namespace is used for both, regardless of whether the client is internal or external, it will utilize only the internal authentication settings. By utilizing two namespaces for Outlook Anywhere, you can ensure that your internal clients can connect utilizing Kerberos authentication.
The default Exchange 2016 internal Outlook Anywhere settings don’t require HTTPS. By not requiring SSL, the client should be able to connect and not get a certificate pop-up for the mail and directory connections. However, you will still have to deploy a certificate that is trusted by the client machine for Exchange Web Services and OAB downloads.
In environments that are native Exchange 2010, when you introduce Exchange 2016, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. As long as the client supports the protocol, once a mailbox is moved to Exchange 2016, the client will reconfigure itself to use MAPI/HTTP. Upon next boot of the client, MAPI/HTTP will be utilized. It is very important to ensure that you have the correct firewall and load balancer settings in place prior to moving mailboxes, otherwise client connectivity will fail.
External Outlook Anywhere & MAPI/HTTP Connectivity
In order to support access for Outlook Anywhere clients whose mailboxes are on legacy versions of Exchange, you will need to make some changes to your environment which are documented in the steps within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. Specifically, you will need to enable Outlook Anywhere on your legacy Client Access servers and enable NTLM in addition to basic authentication for the IIS Authentication Method.
The Exchange 2016 Client Access component’s RPC proxy component sees the incoming connections, authenticates and chooses which server to route the request to (regardless of version), proxying the HTTP session to the endpoint (Exchange 2010 CAS or Exchange 2016 Mailbox server).
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in the local site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site1. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy or MAPI/HTTP endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in Site3. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will continue to access his mailbox using the Exchange 2010 regional namespace, mail-region.contoso.com.
Outlook on the web
For Outlook on the web, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. MBX2016 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. MBX2016 in Site1 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Exchange ActiveSync
For Exchange ActiveSync clients, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located. In addition, Exchange 2016 no longer supports the 451 redirect response – Exchange 2016 will always proxy ActiveSync requests (except in hybrid scenarios, where redirection is allowed).
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3. MBX2016 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios depending on how the device is configured:
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail-region.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion. Note that any new device that is configured will automatically be configured to use mail-regi\non.contoso.com.
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within another AD site. MBX2016 will issue a cross-site proxy request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that resides in the same site as the mailbox.
Exchange Web Services
Coexistence with Exchange Web Services is rather simple.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the local site.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL.
Offline Address Book
Like with Exchange Web Services, Autodiscover will provide the Offline Address Book URL.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to the Exchange 2013/2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of an OABGEN mailbox that contains a copy of OAB that is closest to the user’s mailbox.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL.
How MBX2016 Picks a Target Legacy Exchange Server
It’s important to understand that when MBX2016 proxies to a legacy Exchange Client Access server, it constructs a URL based on the server FQDN, not a load balanced namespace or the InternalURL value. But how does MBX2016 choose which legacy Client Access server to proxy the connection?
When a MBX2016 starts up, it connects to Active Directory and enumerates a topology map to understand all the Client Access servers that exist within the environment. Every 50 seconds, MBX2016 will send a lightweight request to each protocol end point to all the Client Access servers in the topology map; these requests have a user agent string of HttpProxy.ClientAccessServer2010Ping. MBX2016 expects a response - a 200/300/400 response series indicates the target server is up for the protocol in question; a 502, 503, or 504 response indicates a failure. If a failure response occurs, MBX2016 immediately retries to determine if the error was a transient error. If this second attempt fails, MBX2016 marks the target CAS as down and excludes it from being a proxy target. At the next interval (50 seconds), MBX2016 will attempt to determine the health state of the down CAS to determine if it is available.
The IIS log on a legacy Client Access server will contain the ping events. For example:
If for some reason, you would like to ensure a particular CAS2010 is never considered a proxy endpoint (or want to remove it for maintenance activities), you can do so by executing the following cmdlet on Exchange 2010:
All this discussion about HTTP-based clients is great, but what about POP and IMAP clients? Like the HTTP-based client counterparts, IMAP and POP clients are also proxied from the Exchange 2016 Client Access component to a target server (whether that be an Exchange 2016 Mailbox server or a legacy Client Access server). However, there is one key difference, there is no health-checking on the target IMAP/POP services.
When the Exchange 2016 Client Access component receives a POP or IMAP request, it will authenticate the user and perform a service discovery.
If the target mailbox is E2010, MBX2016 will enumerate the POP or IMAP InternalConnectionSettings property value for each Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the mailbox’s site. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the InternalConnectionSettings maps to the server's FQDN, and not a load-balanced namespace.
MBX2016 will choose a server to proxy the request based on the incoming connection’s configuration. If the incoming connection is over an encrypted channel, MBX2016 will try to locate an SSL proxy target first, TLS next, plaintext lastly. If the incoming connection is over a plaintext channel, MBX2016 will try to locate a plaintext proxy target first, SSL next, TLS lastly.
Important: Exchange 2016 Mailbox servers do not validate that the POP or IMAP services are actually running on the target Client Access servers. It's important, therefore, to ensure that the services are running on every legacy Client Access server if you have POP or IMAP clients in your environment.
Conclusion
Hopefully this information dispels some of the myths around proxying and redirection logic for Exchange 2016 when coexisting with Exchange 2010. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Ross Smith IV Principal Program Manager Office 365 Customer Experience
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Our goal with this article is to articulate the various client connectivity scenarios you may encounter in your Exchange 2016 designs. To that end, this article will begin with a walk through of a deployment that consists of Exchange 2010 in a multi-site architecture and show how the connectivity changes with the introduction of Exchange 2016.
Existing Environment
As you can see from the above diagram, this environment contains three Active Directory sites:
Internet Facing AD Site (Site1) - This is the main AD site in the environment and has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. There are two namespaces associated with this location – mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure.
Regional Internet Facing AD Site (Site2) - This is an AD site that has exposure to the Internet. This site has Exchange 2010 servers. The primary namespace is mail-region.contoso.com and resolves to the CAS2010 infrastructure located within this AD site.
Non-Internet Facing AD Site (Site3) - This is an AD site that does not have exposure to the Internet. This site contains Exchange 2010 infrastructure.
Note: The term, Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories have the ExternalURL property populated. Similarly, the term, Non-Internet Facing AD Site, simply means any Active Directory site containing Exchange servers whose virtual directories do not have ExternalURL property populated.
To understand the client connectivity before we instantiate Exchange 2016 into the environment, let’s look at how each protocol works for each of the three users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the CAS2010 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the CAS2010 infrastructure and retrieve configuration settings based on their mailbox’s location.
Note: The recommended practice is to configure the 2010 Client Access server’s AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri value (which is the property value you use to set the SCP record) to point to autodiscover.contoso.com, assuming split-brain DNS is in place. If split-brain DNS is not configured, then set AutoDiscoverServiceInternalUri to a value that resolves to the load balanced VIP for the 2010 Client Access servers in your environment.
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint (assuming one exists). Keep in mind the importance of configuring the RPC Client Access array endpoint correctly, as documented in Ambiguous URLs and their effect on Exchange 2010 to Exchange 2013 Migrations.
Outlook Anywhere
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet, determine that the mailbox server hosting the mailbox is located in another AD site (in this case Site3) and proxy the Outlook RPC data to the target Exchange 2010 Client Access server.
OrangeUser will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will de-encapsulate the RPC data embedded within the HTTP packet and since the target mailbox database is located within the local site, will retrieve the necessary data from the local Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Note: In addition to the mail and directory connections, Outlook Anywhere clients also utilize Exchange Web Services and an Offline Address Book, url’s for which are provided via the Autodiscover response.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are three possible scenarios depending on what namespace the users enters and how the environment is configured:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is not configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, the user is prompted to use the correct URL to access his mailbox data.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as\nhis namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. CAS2010 in Site1 is configured to do a cross-site silent redirection, therefore, CAS2010 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any EAS ExternalURLs. CAS2010 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site2 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within the local AD site and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. CAS2010 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an EAS ExternalURL. Assuming the device supports Autodiscover and is on a defined list of devices that supports the 451 redirect response, CAS2010 will issue a 451 response to the device, notifying the device it needs to use a new namespace, mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server. If the device is not on the supported list, then CAS2010 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site2
Exchange Web Services
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site1 will service the request.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. CAS2010 in Site2 will service the request.
Client Connectivity with Exchange 2016 in Site1
Exchange 2016 has now been deployed in Site1 following the guidance documented within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. As a result, Outlook Anywhere has been enabled on all Client Access servers within the infrastructure and the mail.contoso.com and autodiscover.contoso.com namespaces have been moved to resolve to Exchange 2016 Client Access component infrastructure.
To understand the client connectivity now that Exchange 2016 exists in the environment, let’s look at the four users.
Autodiscover
The Autodiscover external namespace, autodiscover.contoso.com, as well as, the internal SCP records resolve to the MBX2016 infrastructure located in Site1. Outlook clients and ActiveSync clients (on initial configuration) will submit Autodiscover requests to the MBX2016 infrastructure and depending on the mailbox version, different behaviors occur:
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2010, MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that exists within the mailbox’s local site. This means that for Red User, this will be a local proxy to a CAS2010 in Site1. For Blue User and Orange User, this will be a cross-site proxy to a CAS2010 located in the user’s respective site. CAS2010 will then generate the Autodiscover response.
For mailboxes that exist on Exchange 2016 (Purple User), MBX2016 will proxy the request to the Exchange 2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of the user’s mailbox which will generate the Autodiscover response.
Internal Outlook Connectivity
For internal Outlook clients using RPC/TCP connectivity whose mailboxes exist on Exchange 2010, they will still connect to the Exchange 2010 RPC Client Access array endpoint.
When you have an Exchange 2016 mailbox you are using Outlook Anywhere (RPC/HTTP) or MAPI/HTTP, either within the corporate network or outside of the corporate network; RPC/TCP connectivity no longer exists for Exchange 2016 mailboxes.
Important: When you introduce Exchange 2016 into a native Exchange 2010 environment, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. Prior to moving any mailboxes to Exchange 2016, ensure you have configured your load balancer and/or firewall rules to allow traffic on /mapi/* via TCP443.
In Exchange 2010, the way Outlook Anywhere was implemented is that you had one namespace you could configure. In Exchange 2016, you have both an internal host name and an external host name. Think of it as having two sets of Outlook Anywhere settings, one for when you are connected to the corporate domain, and another for when you are not. You will see this returned to the Outlook client in the Autodiscover response via what looks like a new provider, ExHTTP. However, ExHTTP isn’t an actual provider, it is a calculated set of values from the EXCH (internal Outlook Anywhere) and EXPR (External Outlook Anywhere) settings. To correctly use these settings, the Outlook client must be patched to the appropriate levels (see the Outlook Updates for more information). Outlook will process the ExHTTP in order – internal first and external second.
Important: In the event that you are utilizing a split-brain DNS infrastructure, then you must use different names for Outlook Anywhere inside and out. Outlook will also prefer the internal settings over the external settings and since the same namespace is used for both, regardless of whether the client is internal or external, it will utilize only the internal authentication settings. By utilizing two namespaces for Outlook Anywhere, you can ensure that your internal clients can connect utilizing Kerberos authentication.
The default Exchange 2016 internal Outlook Anywhere settings don’t require HTTPS. By not requiring SSL, the client should be able to connect and not get a certificate pop-up for the mail and directory connections. However, you will still have to deploy a certificate that is trusted by the client machine for Exchange Web Services and OAB downloads.
In environments that are native Exchange 2010, when you introduce Exchange 2016, MAPI/HTTP will be enabled by default. As long as the client supports the protocol, once a mailbox is moved to Exchange 2016, the client will reconfigure itself to use MAPI/HTTP. Upon next boot of the client, MAPI/HTTP will be utilized. It is very important to ensure that you have the correct firewall and load balancer settings in place prior to moving mailboxes, otherwise client connectivity will fail.
External Outlook Anywhere & MAPI/HTTP Connectivity
In order to support access for Outlook Anywhere clients whose mailboxes are on legacy versions of Exchange, you will need to make some changes to your environment which are documented in the steps within the Exchange Deployment Assistant. Specifically, you will need to enable Outlook Anywhere on your legacy Client Access servers and enable NTLM in addition to basic authentication for the IIS Authentication Method.
The Exchange 2016 Client Access component’s RPC proxy component sees the incoming connections, authenticates and chooses which server to route the request to (regardless of version), proxying the HTTP session to the endpoint (Exchange 2010 CAS or Exchange 2016 Mailbox server).
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in the local site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site1. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy or MAPI/HTTP endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his RPC proxy endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will determine the mailbox version is 2010 and that the mailbox database hosting the user’s mailbox is located in Site3. MBX2016 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 will de-encapsulate the RPC from the HTTP packet and obtain the data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Orange User will continue to access his mailbox using the Exchange 2010 regional namespace, mail-region.contoso.com.
Outlook on the web
For Outlook on the web, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located.
Red User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3, which does not contain any OWA ExternalURLs. MBX2016 in Site1 will proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios:
Orange User will connect to mail-region.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion.
Orange User will connect to mail.contoso.com as his namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site2, which does contain an OWA ExternalURL. MBX2016 in Site1 will initiate a single sign-on silent redirect (assumes FBA is enabled on source and target) to mail-region.contoso.com. CAS2010 in Site2 will then facilitate the request and retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Exchange ActiveSync
For Exchange ActiveSync clients, the user experience will depend on the mailbox version and where the mailbox is located. In addition, Exchange 2016 no longer supports the 451 redirect response – Exchange 2016 will always proxy ActiveSync requests (except in hybrid scenarios, where redirection is allowed).
Red User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within the local AD site. MBX2016 will proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server which will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
Purple User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as his endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
Blue User’s ActiveSync client will connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox is located within Site3. MBX2016 in Site1 will issue a cross-site proxy the request to CAS2010 in Site3. CAS2010 in Site3 will retrieve the necessary data from the Exchange 2010 Mailbox server.
For the Orange User, there are two possible scenarios depending on how the device is configured:
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail-region.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. In this case, MBX2016 is not involved in any fashion. Note that any new device that is configured will automatically be configured to use mail-regi\non.contoso.com.
Orange User’s ActiveSync client is configured to connect to mail.contoso.com as the namespace endpoint. MBX2016 in Site1 will authenticate the user, do a service discovery, and determine that the mailbox version is 2010 and the mailbox is located within another AD site. MBX2016 will issue a cross-site proxy request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server that resides in the same site as the mailbox.
Exchange Web Services
Coexistence with Exchange Web Services is rather simple.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the local site.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 in Site1 will perform a local proxy request, proxying the HTTP session to the Mailbox 2016 server that hosts the active database copy in Site1.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to an Exchange 2010 Client Access server located in Site3.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Exchange Web Service URL.
Offline Address Book
Like with Exchange Web Services, Autodiscover will provide the Offline Address Book URL.
For the Red User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Purple User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to the Exchange 2013/2016 Mailbox server that is hosting the active copy of an OABGEN mailbox that contains a copy of OAB that is closest to the user’s mailbox.
For the Blue User, Autodiscover will return the mail.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL. MBX2016 will then proxy the request to any Client Access server within the local site that is a web distribution point for the Offline Address Book in question.
For the Orange User, Autodiscover will return the mail-region.contoso.com namespace for the Offline Address Book URL.
How MBX2016 Picks a Target Legacy Exchange Server
It’s important to understand that when MBX2016 proxies to a legacy Exchange Client Access server, it constructs a URL based on the server FQDN, not a load balanced namespace or the InternalURL value. But how does MBX2016 choose which legacy Client Access server to proxy the connection?
When a MBX2016 starts up, it connects to Active Directory and enumerates a topology map to understand all the Client Access servers that exist within the environment. Every 50 seconds, MBX2016 will send a lightweight request to each protocol end point to all the Client Access servers in the topology map; these requests have a user agent string of HttpProxy.ClientAccessServer2010Ping. MBX2016 expects a response - a 200/300/400 response series indicates the target server is up for the protocol in question; a 502, 503, or 504 response indicates a failure. If a failure response occurs, MBX2016 immediately retries to determine if the error was a transient error. If this second attempt fails, MBX2016 marks the target CAS as down and excludes it from being a proxy target. At the next interval (50 seconds), MBX2016 will attempt to determine the health state of the down CAS to determine if it is available.
The IIS log on a legacy Client Access server will contain the ping events. For example:
If for some reason, you would like to ensure a particular CAS2010 is never considered a proxy endpoint (or want to remove it for maintenance activities), you can do so by executing the following cmdlet on Exchange 2010:
All this discussion about HTTP-based clients is great, but what about POP and IMAP clients? Like the HTTP-based client counterparts, IMAP and POP clients are also proxied from the Exchange 2016 Client Access component to a target server (whether that be an Exchange 2016 Mailbox server or a legacy Client Access server). However, there is one key difference, there is no health-checking on the target IMAP/POP services.
When the Exchange 2016 Client Access component receives a POP or IMAP request, it will authenticate the user and perform a service discovery.
If the target mailbox is E2010, MBX2016 will enumerate the POP or IMAP InternalConnectionSettings property value for each Exchange 2010 Client Access server within the mailbox’s site. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the InternalConnectionSettings maps to the server's FQDN, and not a load-balanced namespace.
MBX2016 will choose a server to proxy the request based on the incoming connection’s configuration. If the incoming connection is over an encrypted channel, MBX2016 will try to locate an SSL proxy target first, TLS next, plaintext lastly. If the incoming connection is over a plaintext channel, MBX2016 will try to locate a plaintext proxy target first, SSL next, TLS lastly.
Important: Exchange 2016 Mailbox servers do not validate that the POP or IMAP services are actually running on the target Client Access servers. It's important, therefore, to ensure that the services are running on every legacy Client Access server if you have POP or IMAP clients in your environment.
Conclusion
Hopefully this information dispels some of the myths around proxying and redirection logic for Exchange 2016 when coexisting with Exchange 2010. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Ross Smith IV Principal Program Manager Office 365 Customer Experience
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Client Connectivity in an Exchange 2016 Coexistence Environment with Exchange 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:2113642"},"body":"
Excellent detailed information.
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We are in the beginning states of a 2010 to 2016 on-prem migration and ran into a real goofy intermittent problem that the fix turned out to be having to modify the migrated users primary smtp prefix to match their alias because their original prefix matched the alias of another user who has not yet been migrated ... It made absolutely no sense but we have confirmed it to be the fix. Note: I'm thinking another way to fix this would have been to change the alias on the user that had not yet been migrated but we did not test this scenario as a possible fix.
The problem was extremely intermittent and the symptom was the user who migrated to 2016 would receive \"Error: Your request can't be completed right now. Please try again later\" when attempting to send email from OWA and if attempting to access their calendar would receive \"The calendar isn't available\". Digging into the conversion via browser debugging we found that when this condition occurred we saw a response messagetext \"The Client Access Server version doesn't match the mailbox server version of the resource that was being accessed. To determine the correct URL to use to access the resource, use Autodiscover with the address of the resource\", a response code of \"ErrorWrongServerVersion\", and the MessageXml contained an Autodiscover smtpaddress of the 2010 user who had not been migrated. The 2016 mailbox in question could be using OWA for 2 days or more and not have any issues and then all of the sudden the would run into this out of the blue. I typically don't post stuff but this problem really kicked our butt and there was absolutely nothing we could find on the net that was of any help.... Maybe someone at Microsoft could shed light on what could cause the \"service discovery\" mention in this article to incorrectly redirect an https request for a 2016 mailbox to a 2010 mailbox whose alias matched the prefix of the smtp address of the 2016 migrated user.
","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2019-12-12T08:51:12.277-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2019-12-12T09:06:16.586-08:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":58327},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:603945/message:1062912","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:603949":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:603949","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:603949":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:603949","revisionNum":1,"uid":603949,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:603945"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:603945"},"subject":"Re: Client Connectivity in an Exchange 2016 Coexistence Environment with Exchange 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:603949"},"body":"Do I need to alter mail flow in co-existence with exchange 2010? I know eventually I will need too, so I can decommission those servers but initially do I need to alter the mail flow and point it at directly at the exchange 2016 infrastructure or will
the exchange 2016 mailboxes be able to send messages to addresses outside of the local organization if only my exchange 2010 hub/cas servers are able to connect to my perimeter mail exchanger?
","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2015-12-10T14:12:42.000-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2015-12-10T14:12:42.000-08:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":81288},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:603945/message:603949","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:603948":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:603948","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:603948":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:603948","revisionNum":1,"uid":603948,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:603945"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:603945"},"subject":"Re: Client Connectivity in an Exchange 2016 Coexistence Environment with Exchange 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:603948"},"body":"You mention:
\"Important: In the event that you are utilizing a split-brain DNS infrastructure, then you must use different names for Outlook Anywhere inside and out. Outlook will also prefer the internal settings over the external settings and since the same namespace is
used for both, regardless of whether the client is internal or external, it will utilize only the internal authentication settings. By utilizing two namespaces for Outlook Anywhere, you can ensure that your internal clients can connect utilizing Kerberos authentication.
\"
I want to use Kerberos auth for internal clients. Is it then a requirement to use two different host names for Outlook Anywhere? (mailinternal.contoso.com/rpc & mail.external.contoso.com/rpc versus single namespace mail.contoso.com/rpc)
","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2015-11-04T15:53:25.000-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2015-11-04T15:53:25.000-08:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":81286},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:603945/message:603948","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:603947":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:603947","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:603947":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:603947","revisionNum":1,"uid":603947,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:603945"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:603945"},"subject":"Re: Client Connectivity in an Exchange 2016 Coexistence Environment with Exchange 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:603947"},"body":"Andrew, that would indeed be interesting to know.","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"49","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2015-10-28T07:58:10.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2015-10-28T07:58:10.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":81291},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:603945/message:603947","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:603946":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:603946","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:603946":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:603946","revisionNum":1,"uid":603946,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:603945"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:603945"},"subject":"Re: Client Connectivity in an Exchange 2016 Coexistence Environment with Exchange 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:603946"},"body":"Great article. Should it be considered necessary to deploy the below hotfix on Exchange 2010 servers running 2008 R2? If so then could it be added to the deployment assistant?
I've come across this issue quite a bit when customers were migrating from 07/10 to 2013 and would image it's still relevant in 2010-2016 proxy scenarios.
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Microsoft
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