Login to AD joined devices with your Azure AD credentials

Hey there! If your server is joined to Azure ADDS then yes. If this is a server joined to your on premises AD then no unless that Azure AD account is also synced from on premises. If the account is cloud only then no you would not be able to log into a server joined to your local AD. I hope this answers your question.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-domain-services/overview