Windows 11, version 25H2 security baseline
Microsoft is pleased to announce the security baseline package for Windows 11, version 25H2! You can download the baseline package from the Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit, test the recommended configurations in your environment, and customize / implement them as appropriate. Summary of changes This release includes several changes made since the Windows 11, version 24H2 security baseline to further assist in the security of enterprise customers, to include better alignment with the latest capabilities and standards. The changes include what is depicted in the table below. Security Policy Change Summary Printer: Impersonate a client after authentication Add “RESTRICTED SERVICES\PrintSpoolerService” to allow the Print Spooler’s restricted service identity to impersonate clients securely NTLM Auditing Enhancements Enable by default to improve visibility into NTLM usage within your environment MDAV: Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) Add "Block process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands" (d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c) with a recommended value of 2 (Audit) to improve visibility into suspicious activity MDAV: Control whether exclusions are visible to local users Move to Not Configured as it is overridden by the parent setting MDAV: Scan packed executables Remove from the baseline because the setting is no longer functional - Windows always scans packed executables by default Network: Configure NetBIOS settings Disable NetBIOS name resolution on all network adapters to reduce legacy protocol exposure Disable Internet Explorer 11 Launch Via COM Automation Disable to prevent legacy scripts and applications from programmatically launching Internet Explorer 11 using COM automation interfaces Include command line in process creation events Enable to improve visibility into how processes are executed across the system WDigest Authentication Remove from the baseline because the setting is obsolete - WDigest is disabled by default and no longer needed in modern Windows environments Printer Improving Print Security with IPPS and Certificate Validation To enhance the security of network printing, Windows introduces two new policies focused on controlling the use of IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) printers and enforcing encrypted communications. The setting, "Require IPPS for IPP printers", (Administrative Templates\Printers) determines whether printers that do not support TLS are allowed to be installed. When this policy is disabled (default), both IPP and IPPS transport printers can be installed - although IPPS is preferred when both are available. When enabled, only IPPS printers will be installed; attempts to install non-compliant printers will fail and generate an event in the Application log, indicating that installation was blocked by policy. The second policy, "Set TLS/SSL security policy for IPP printers" (same policy path) requires that printers present valid and trusted TLS/SSL certificates before connections can be established. Enabling this policy defends against spoofed or unauthorized printers, reducing the risk of credential theft or redirection of sensitive print jobs. While these policies significantly improve security posture, enabling them may introduce operational challenges in environments where IPP and self-signed or locally issued certificates are still commonly used. For this reason, neither policy is enforced in the security baseline, at this time. We recommend that you assess your printers, and if they meet the requirements, consider enabling those policies with a remediation plan to address any non-compliant printers in a controlled and predictable manner. User Rights Assignment Update: Impersonate a client after authentication We have added RESTRICTED SERVICES\PrintSpoolerService in the “Impersonate a client after authentication” User Rights Assignment policy. The baseline already includes Administrators, SERVICE, LOCAL SERVICE, and NETWORK SERVICE for this user right. Adding the restricted Print Spooler supports Microsoft’s ongoing effort to apply least privilege to system services. It enables Print Spooler to securely impersonate user tokens in modern print scenarios using a scoped, restricted service identity. Although this identity is associated with functionality introduced as part of Windows Protected Print (WPP), it is required to support proper print operations even if WPP is not currently enabled. The system manifests the identity by default, and its presence ensures forward compatibility with WPP-based printing. Note: This account may appear as a raw SID (e.g., S-1-5-99-...) in Group Policy or local policy tools before the service is fully initialized. This is expected and does not indicate a misconfiguration. Warning: Removing this entry will result in print failures in environments where WPP is enabled. We recommend retaining this entry in any custom security configuration that defines this user right. NTLM Auditing Enhancements Windows 11, version 25H2 includes enhanced NTLM auditing capabilities, enabled by default, which significantly improves visibility into NTLM usage within your environment. These enhancements provide detailed audit logs to help security teams monitor and investigate authentication activity, identify insecure practices, and prepare for future NTLM restrictions. Since these auditing improvements are enabled by default, no additional configuration is required, and thus the baseline does not explicitly enforce them. For more details, see Overview of NTLM auditing enhancements in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft Defender Antivirus Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) In this release, we've updated the Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to add the policy Block process creations originating from PSExec and WMI commands (d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c) with a recommended value of 2 (Audit). By auditing this rule, you can gain essential visibility into potential privilege escalation attempts via tools such as PSExec or persistence mechanisms using WMI. This enhancement helps organizations proactively identify suspicious activities without impacting legitimate administrative workflows. Control whether exclusions are visible to local users We have removed the configuration for the policy "Control whether exclusions are visible to local users" (Windows Components\Microsoft Defender Antivirus) from the baseline in this release. This change was made because the parent policy "Control whether or not exclusions are visible to Local Admins" is already set to Enabled, which takes precedence and effectively overrides the behavior of the former setting. As a result, explicitly configuring the child policy is unnecessary. You can continue to manage exclusion visibility through the parent policy, which provides the intended control over whether local administrators can view exclusion lists. Scan packed executables The “Scan packed executables” setting (Windows Components\Microsoft Defender Antivirus\Scan) has been removed from the security baseline because it is no longer functional in modern Windows releases. Microsoft Defender Antivirus always scans packed executables by default, therefore configuring this policy has no effect on the system. Disable NetBIOS Name Resolution on All Networks In this release, we start disabling NetBIOS name resolution on all network adapters in the security baseline, including those connected to private and domain networks. The change is reflected in the policy setting “Configure NetBIOS settings” (Network\DNS Client). We are trying to eliminate the legacy name resolution protocol that is vulnerable to spoofing and credential theft. NetBIOS is no longer needed in modern environments where DNS is fully deployed and supported. To mitigate potential compatibility issues, you should ensure that all internal systems and applications use DNS for name resolution. We recommend the following; test critical workflows in a staging environment prior to deployment, monitor for any resolution failures or fallback behavior, and inform support staff of the change to assist with troubleshooting as needed. This update aligns with our broader efforts to phase out legacy protocols and improve security. Disable Internet Explorer 11 Launch Via COM Automation To enhance the security posture of enterprise environments, we recommend disabling Internet Explorer 11 Launch Via COM Automation (Windows Components\Internet Explorer) to prevent legacy scripts and applications from programmatically launching Internet Explorer 11 using COM automation interfaces such as CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application"). Allowing such behavior poses a significant risk by exposing systems to the legacy MSHTML and ActiveX components, which are vulnerable to exploitation. Include command line in process creation events We have enabled the setting "Include command line in process creation events" (System\Audit Process Creation) in the baseline to improve visibility into how processes are executed across the system. Capturing command-line arguments allows defenders to detect and investigate malicious activity that may otherwise appear legitimate, such as abuse of scripting engines, credential theft tools, or obfuscated payloads using native binaries. This setting supports modern threat detection techniques with minimal performance overhead and is highly recommended. WDigest Authentication We removed the policy "WDigest Authentication (disabling may require KB2871997)" from the security baseline because it is no longer necessary for Windows. This policy was originally enforced to prevent WDigest from storing user’s plaintext passwords in memory, which posed a serious credential theft risk. However, starting with 24H2 update, the engineering teams deprecated this policy. As a result, there is no longer a need to explicitly enforce this setting, and the policy has been removed from the baseline to reflect the current default behavior. Since the setting does not write to the normal policies location in the registry it will not be cleaned up automatically for any existing deployments. Please let us know your thoughts by commenting on this post or through the Security Baseline Community.Introducing device association for Windows Autopilot device preparation
By: Maggie Dakeva, Senior Product Manager - Microsoft Intune We’ve heard organizations want Windows deployment to be simple for employees and predictable for IT admins. But before a device enrolls, how does the organization know that the device is really one of its own - and how can IT make sure the right experience and policy reach that device regardless of who signs in? Today, we're announcing device association for Windows Autopilot device preparation, a new way to bind a physical Windows 11 device to your organization before enrollment begins. Device association uses hardware-backed attestation to create a trusted relationship between the device and your tenant at the start of the provisioning journey. That relationship helps Windows Autopilot device preparation recognize the device during the out-of-box experience (OOBE), automatically treat it as corporate-owned, and apply the experience and policy intended for that specific device. The result is a more secure, more consistent, and more device-centric onboarding flow. Start with the device, not just the user Windows Autopilot device preparation already gives IT teams a straightforward way to configure new Windows devices with the apps, scripts, and policies employees need. Device association extends that experience by allowing IT to target a device preparation policy directly to a device before it enrolls. This is especially valuable when the deployment experience needs to follow the hardware rather than the person signing in. For example, one employee can enroll multiple devices that serve different purposes, and each device can receive its own device preparation policy. When both device-based and user-based assignments are available, the device-based assignment takes precedence. That gives administrators greater confidence that the correct configuration reaches the correct device from the beginning of its lifecycle. Create a simpler out-of-box experience Because an associated device is recognized before enrollment, IT can configure more of the Windows setup experience in advance. Device association enables organizations to: Configure Language and region. Automatically configure the keyboard and skip the keyboard selection page. When the device uses a Wi-Fi network connection during OOBE, the language and keyboard selection screens aren't hidden. Hide the Microsoft Software License Terms page. Hide privacy settings during OOBE. Apply a device name template that uses the serial number or a randomized value. Hide account-change options on company sign-in and domain error pages. These controls reduce the number of decisions an employee must make while setting up a device and help create a consistent, organization-ready experience from the first screen. Strengthen trust before enrollment Device association isn't only an experience improvement. It establishes device trust earlier in the deployment process. The association uses hardware-based attestation and TPM-backed cryptographic validation to verify the device's identity. Tenant affinity is stored in the device's UEFI firmware, where it persists across a Windows reset, operating system reinstallation, or removal of enrollment. This durable, hardware-backed relationship helps ensure that the device presenting itself for preparation is the device the organization intended to onboard. Associated devices are also automatically marked as corporate-owned. If your organization blocks personally owned Windows devices with Intune enrollment restrictions, device association can be used instead of uploading a separate corporate identifier. You can continue to use corporate identifiers where they fit your process, but an associated device doesn't need both. How the device association flow works Device association is designed as a clear workflow that starts with IT and finishes automatically during OOBE: Create the device preparation policy. Configure the apps, scripts, deployment settings, OOBE experience, and optional device name template that should apply. Export the device information. During OOBE, a technician opens the Autopilot menu and exports the DeviceLink CSV with the device information required for pre-association to a USB. For an existing device, the same information can be collected from Autopilot diagnostic logs. Figure 1. The Windows Autopilot menu with Assign device association selected. ormation was exported to a removable drive. Pre-associate the device in Intune. In the Microsoft Intune admin center, go to Devices > Enrollment > Device association > Devices, upload the CSV, and optionally assign a device preparation policy directly to the device. Complete association. When the device connects to a network in OOBE, it finds the pre-association record and completes association automatically. A technician can also trigger this step manually from the Autopilot menu. Enroll and prepare the device. The device receives the applicable device-targeted policy, is marked as corporate-owned, and presents the configured OOBE experience. Monitor the deployment. Administrators can review association state and assigned policy in the Device association blade and filter devices by state, policy, manufacturer, or model. The device association lifecycle consists of the following states: Pre-associated: The device was added on the service side and is waiting to complete association in OOBE. Associated: The device completed association by writing the tenant affinity to UEFI and is ready for enrollment. This happens automatically when a pre-associated device syncs with an MDM provider. Pending removal: A request to remove the pre-association is being processed. A device's association can be removed by an administrator or partner with physical access to the device who manually runs a local script that clears the tenant affinity information stored in the device's UEFI. This action should be performed only when the device should no longer be associated with the organization, such as when it is sold, recycled, or transferred. Manage the full device lifecycle The association remains with the device through reset and reinstallation, helping preserve the organization's intended provisioning path when a device is redeployed internally. When a device permanently leaves the organization - for example, when it's sold, recycled, or transferred—the association should be removed as part of decommissioning. Because the tenant affinity is stored on the device, clearing a completed association can be performed via script locally on the physical device, without access to the service. This lifecycle model is intentional: association is durable during normal reuse inside the organization, while permanent removal can be completed by an admin or partner who has control of the physical device. Designed to work alongside your existing Windows Autopilot strategy Device association is part of Windows Autopilot device preparation and can coexist with traditional Windows Autopilot deployments in the same organization. For a device already registered with Windows Autopilot, the association state determines which deployment runs. If the device isn't associated, its Windows Autopilot registration takes precedence. If it is associated, the Windows Autopilot device preparation deployment takes precedence. This gives organizations a practical path to introduce device association while continuing to support existing Windows Autopilot investments. Get started To use device association, you'll need a supported physical Windows 11 device with TPM 2.0 enabled and in a healthy state. Virtual machines aren't supported because device association relies on hardware-backed identity verification. Start by reviewing the Windows Autopilot device association requirements, then create or update your Windows Autopilot device preparation policy. From there, export the device information, pre-associate the device in Intune, and let Windows complete the trusted association during OOBE. With device association, Windows Autopilot device preparation moves device trust, targeting, and customization earlier in the deployment journey - before enrollment and before the employee reaches the desktop. That means fewer setup decisions for users, more predictable deployments for IT, and stronger confidence that the right device is joining the right organization with the right configuration. Learn more Overview of Windows Autopilot device association Requirements for Windows Autopilot device association Set up Windows Autopilot device preparation with device associationSecurity baseline for Windows Server 2025, version 2506
Microsoft is pleased to announce the June 2025 revision of the security baseline package for Windows Server 2025 (v2506)! You can download the baseline package from the Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit, test the recommended configurations in your environment, and customize / implement them as appropriate. Starting with this release, we plan to revise the Windows Server baseline more frequently to keep pace with evolving threats, new Windows features, and community feedback. Summary of Changes in This Release (v2506) This release includes several changes made since the last release of the security baseline for Windows Server 2025 in January 2025 to further assist in the security of enterprise customers along with better aligning with the latest standards. The changes include what is now depicted in the table below. Security Policy Change Summary Deny log on through Remote Desktop Services Allow remote logon for non-admin local accounts on MS and add “BUILTIN\Guests” to both DC and MS. WDigest Authentication Remove from the baseline Allow Windows Ink Workspace Remove from the baseline Audit Authorization Policy Change Set to “Success” in both DC and MS Include command line in process creation events Enable in both DC and MS Control whether exclusions are visible to local users Moved to Not Configured as it is overridden by the parent setting. Deny log on through Remote Desktop Services We updated SeDenyRemoteInteractiveLogonRight on member servers to use S-1-5-114 (Local account and member of Administrators group) instead of S-1-5-113 (all local accounts) to strike a better balance between security and operational flexibility. This change continues to block remote RDP access for high-risk local admin accounts—our primary threat vector—while enabling legitimate use cases for non-admin local accounts, such as remote troubleshooting and maintenance during failover or domain unavailability. By allowing non-admin local accounts to log on interactively, we preserve a secure recovery path without weakening protection for privileged accounts. In addition, to strengthen the Remote Desktop Services (RDS) posture on both Windows Server 2025 Domain Controllers and Member Servers, we added the Guests group to the "Deny log on through Remote Desktop Services" policy. While the Guest account is disabled by default, explicitly denying its RDP access adds a defense-in-depth measure that helps prevent misuse if the group is ever enabled or misconfigured. This complements the existing restriction on Local Account logon for DCs and helps ensure a consistent security posture across server roles. WDigest Authentication We removed the policy "WDigest Authentication (disabling may require KB2871997)" from the security baseline because it is no longer necessary for Windows Server 2025. This policy was originally enforced to prevent WDigest from storing users plaintext passwords in memory, which posed a serious credential theft risk. However, starting with 24H2 update (KB5041160) for Windows Server 2022 and continuing into Windows Server 2025, the engineering teams have deprecated this policy. As a result, there is no longer a need to explicitly enforce this setting, and the policy has been removed from the baseline to reflect the current default behavior. Allow Windows Ink Workspace We removed the policy “Allow Windows Ink Workspace” from the Windows Server 2025 security baseline. This policy applies only to Windows client editions and is not available on Windows Server. Including it in the baseline caused confusion removing an unnecessary setting from the baseline reduces GPO processing time and helps ensure all recommended settings are applicable for the Windows Server environment. Audit Authorization Policy Change We set Audit Authorization Policy Change (Success) on the baseline for both Domain Controllers and Member Servers to ensure visibility into any changes that affect the system’s security posture, including modifications to user rights and audit policies. These changes directly impact how access is granted and how activity is monitored, making them critical to detect for both security and compliance purposes. Logging successful changes helps identify misconfigurations, unauthorized privilege assignments, or malicious tampering — especially in cases of lateral movement or privilege escalation. Because these events occur infrequently, they generate minimal log volume while offering high forensic and operational value. While Failure auditing is not set, it is available as an optional setting on both Domain Controllers and Member Servers for organizations that have the monitoring capability to interpret and act on failed attempts to modify security policies. This provides an added layer of visibility in high-assurance or tightly controlled environments. Include command line in process creation events We added Include command line in process creation events in the baseline to improve visibility into how processes are executed across the system. Capturing command-line arguments allows defenders to detect and investigate malicious activity that may otherwise appear legitimate, such as abuse of scripting engines, credential theft tools, or obfuscated payloads using native binaries. This setting supports modern threat detection techniques with minimal performance overhead and is widely recommended. Visibility of Microsoft Defender Antivirus Exclusions We updated the configuration for the policy "Control whether exclusions are visible to local users" (Computer Configuration\Windows Components\Microsoft Defender Antivirus) to Not Configured in this release. This change was made because the parent policy "Control whether or not exclusions are visible to Local Admins" is already set to Enabled, which takes precedence and effectively overrides the behavior of the former setting. As a result, explicitly configuring the child policy is unnecessary and may introduce confusion without impacting actual behavior. You can continue to manage exclusion visibility through the parent policy, which provides the intended control over whether local administrators can view exclusion lists. UEFI Lock and Virtualization-Based Protections In Windows, some security features are protected by Secure Boot and the TPM. When combined with firmware protections that lock UEFI configuration variables, these protections become tamper-resistant: Windows can detect and respond to unauthorized hardware changes or tamper attempts, making it significantly harder for attackers to disable key security features after deployment. In the Windows Server 2025 security baseline, two policy categories are configured to take advantage of UEFI lock: Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) — managed via the policy: System\Device Guard\Turn On Virtualization Based Security Local Security Authority (LSA) Protection — managed via the policy: System\Local Security Authority\Configure LSASS to run as a protected process While there are no changes to the recommended settings for these policies in this release, we want to highlight their role in strengthening system defenses and provide guidance to help you make informed deployment decisions. UEFI lock enforces these protections in a way that prevents local or remote tampering—even by administrators. This aligns with strong security requirements in sensitive or high-assurance environments. However, it also introduces important operational considerations: Some hardware platforms may not fully support UEFI lock Compatibility issues, reduced performance, or system instability may occur Once enabled, UEFI lock is difficult to reverse Please let us know your thoughts by commenting on this post or through the Security Baseline Community.
