Hello,
While sharing any files or folder you get an option of "Link Setting" which says who would you like this link to work for.
Like below:
1. Anyone with the link.
2. People in your Org.
3. People with existing access.
4. Specific People.
If you choose "Specific People" and and share with a person by entering his/her email address, that people will receive the link and can access however he won't be able to further share the file or folder link.
Please try and let me know if this works.
Thanks!