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How To Monitor Your Multi-Tenant Solution on Azure With Azure Monitor

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TomClaes
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Jan 29, 2024

1. Multi Tenant solution

 

Often customers are operating using a multi-tenant architecture in Azure for several reasons: cost-effectiveness, scalability and security. However, this architecture will make it challenging to get an overview of the status of resources across the different tenants. E.g., an application with different instances of it running across multiple tenants. The person responsible for the performance and operational effectiveness of the application will have a hard time monitoring the status of each of these instances. In an ideal scenario, this person would be able to assess all this information from a single pane of glass instead of having to log into each tenant to retrieve this data.

Given the scenario above, it is not possible to send log data from resources in tenant A to a Log Analytics Workspace in tenant B. A possible solution to address this challenge is to use the Hybrid model when implementing your Log Analytics Workspace architecture.

 

“In a Hybrid model, each tenant has its own workspace. A mechanism is used to pull data into a central location for reporting and analytics. This data could include a small number of data types or a summary of the activity, such as daily statistics.”

In order to centralize the data in a multi-tenant solution, there are two options:

For the sake of this article, we will focus on the first option, namely creating a central Log Analytics Workspace by leveraging the Log Query and Ingestion API. However, as discussed above, there are different approaches one could choose from. A high level architecture of this approach would look like the following:

 

In the remainder of this article, we will provide a step by step tutorial on how this hybrid model can be implemented using Azure Services. Programming language used in the article is Python. However, other programming languages are supported as well, such as: .NET, Go, Java or JavaScript.

 

2. Practical implementation

 

The first step is to configure your centralized Log Analytics Workspace environment by setting up the following:

The steps outlined above are explained in the following tutorial:

 

Tutorial: Send data to Azure Monitor Logs with Logs ingestion API (Azure portal) — Azure Monitor | Microsoft Learn

In terms of authentication, take the following into account:

  • To gain access to the Log Analytics Workspace for querying data, here are the captivating steps:
    - User Assigned Managed Identity: how to create a User Assigned Managed Identity
    Note: make sure to add the Monitoring Metrics Publisher: Enables publishing metrics against Azure resources
  • Authenticate into the central Log Analytics Workspace for data ingestion with these possible authentication approaches:
    - Azure Lighthouse: enables multitenant management with scalability, higher automation, and enhanced governance across resources
    - Service Principal + App registration: as used in the tutorial

Both methods will accomplish the task; hence, it depends on the company’s security policies and requirements to decide which solution to use. However, in this article the Service Principal + App registration has been used.

 

After the central Log Analytics Workspace has been created and the right authentication method has been selected, the next step will be to start writing the script. From a high level point of view, the script will query the Log Analytics Workspace inside the tenant where it will be deployed. Next, it will take the results of the query and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace created in previous steps. 

 

As mentioned, the programming language used in this article is Python. The same goal can be achieved using different programming languages such as .NET, Go, Java, JavaScript.

 

A more detailed architecture would look like this:

 

 

 

3. Getting Started

Step 1: Required imports

 

import logging
import os
import sys
from datetime import datetime, timezone
import json
import pandas as pd
from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError
from azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential
from azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient
from azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus

 

Step 2: Set variables required further in the script

 

# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created
LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']
DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']
LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']
LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']
# Get information from the created Service Principal created
AZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']
AZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']
# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)
AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']

 

Step 3: Configure credentials

 

# Configure credentials
credential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)
credential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)

 

Step 4: Configure Query and Ingestion clients

 

# Create clients
logs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)
ingestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)

 

Step 5: Define the KQL query you want to run against the Log Analytics Workspace (results of this will be ingested into the centralized workspace)

 

# Define query and time span (example)
query = """<Your KQL query>"""
start_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
end_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)

 

Step 6: Query Log Analytics Workspace and put results into a list of JSON objects (which is required for the ingestion of the data)

 

# Query Log Analytics Workspace
response = logs_query_client.query_workspace(
    LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,
    query=query,
    timespan=(start_time, end_time)
)
if response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:
    error = response.partial_error
    data = response.partial_data
    print(error)
elif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:
    data = response.tables
# Convert data to JSON list
json_list = []
for table in data:
    df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)
    # Use f-string for string formatting
    print(f"Dataframe:\n{df}\n")
    # Use list comprehension for creating list
    json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient="records", lines=True).splitlines()])
    # Use f-string for string formatting
    print(f"JSON list:\n{json_list}\n")

 

Step 7: Take the results and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace

 

#Upload logs
ingestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)
print("Upload done")

 

The full script:

 

import logging
import os
import sys
from datetime import datetime, timezone
import json
import pandas as pd
from azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError
from azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential
from azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient
from azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus

# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created
LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']
DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']
LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']
LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']

# Get information from the created Service Principal created
AZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']
AZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']

# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)
AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']

# Configure credentials
credential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)
credential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)

# Create clients
logs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)
ingestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)

# Define query and time span (example)
query = """<Your KQL query>"""
start_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
end_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)

try:
    # Query Log Analytics Workspace
    response = logs_query_client.query_workspace(
        LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,
        query=query,
        timespan=(start_time, end_time)
    )
    if response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:
        error = response.partial_error
        data = response.partial_data
        print(error)
    elif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:
        data = response.tables

   # Convert data to JSON list
    json_list = []
    for table in data:
        df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)
        # Use f-string for string formatting
        print(f"Dataframe:\n{df}\n")
        # Use list comprehension for creating list
        json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient="records", lines=True).splitlines()])
        # Use f-string for string formatting
        print(f"JSON list:\n{json_list}\n")

    # Upload logs
    ingestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)
    print("Upload done")

except HttpResponseError as e:
    # Use f-string for string formatting
    print(f"Upload failed: {e}")

 

Step 8: Azure Functions

Once the script is written and runs locally, the next step will be to deploy this to the cloud and automate this. For this, multiple approaches are possible: Azure Logic Apps, Azure Functions, Azure Automation, PowerShell… In this article we deployed the script as an Azure Function and used the Timer Trigger in order to run the Function at a predefined interval (e.g., every 5 minutes). We deployed the function inside the tenant of the workspace we are going to query.

 

How to get started with Azure Functions:

Important: add the User Assigned Managed Identity created above to the identity settings of the Function App. This is required for the Function to be authenticated to Query the Log Analytics Workspace.

 

Step 9: (Optional) Visualization

After consolidating data from various resources in different tenants, creating visualizations could add an interesting dimension. Microsoft Azure offers multiple tools to do this:

  • PowerBI
  • Dashboards
  • Workbooks
  • Grafana

Step 10: (Optional) Create Log Alert Rules

Once the data has been centralized across different tenants, one could start to create Log Alert Rules. The alert rule is based on a log query that will run automatically at regular intervals. Based on the results of the query, Azure Monitor will determine if an alert — linked to the query — should be created and fired.

 

3. Security considerations

 

This solution relies on client secrets for authentication via the Service Principal and App Registration. To uphold robust security, our system enforces the expiration and periodic renewal of these critical credentials, mitigating potential vulnerabilities. It is essential to maintain vigilant monitoring to proactively detect and address any issues stemming from expired secrets, thereby avoiding disruptions to the solution’s functionality.

 

To streamline this process, we recommend integrating with Logic Apps, providing an automated and centralized solution for secret management. For further details on this integration, refer to following article: 

 

Use Azure Logic Apps to Notify of Pending AAD Application Client Secrets and Certificate Expirations — Microsoft Community Hub 

This approach not only enhances security practices but also guarantees an efficient and proactive handling of sensitive information.

Updated Jan 29, 2024
Version 6.0

4 Comments

  • Thank you master135 for the interesting feedback. However, the code is indeed doing exactly what has been described in the beginning of the article, namely: "Create a central Log Analytics Workspace. To query and ingest the data into this location, one can use either the Query API and the logs Ingestion API or use Azure Logic Apps to centralize the data". 

     

    The points you made regarding the last successful interval, monitoring of and dealing with failed deliveries, limits of the Query API, are indeed important for further development of the solution. 

     

    Feel free to contact me via private message such that we can maybe collaborate on the extended version of this solution, covering the different points mentioned above.

     

    Thanks!

  • master135's avatar
    master135
    Copper Contributor

    I would imagine this is very simplified approach to send the logs this way. You cannot guarantee you caputed all logs because you rely on the time intervals which is hard to deal with without saving last successfull interval. And you don't have any logic to remidiate failed delivery. Also certain limits applied to the Log Analytics Query API. So this code will dramatically grow at the final version.

     

    Log analytics can export many standard Microsoft tables from the Log Analytics to the EventHub (which wil definitely cost extra) with native Export functionality of the Log Analytics. And then use function to send the logs from EventHub.

     

    WIsh Microsoft made Log Analytics to be tenant agnostic when you configure logs export, this would solve so many problems.

     

     

     

     

  • Thank you for your feedback, CristianSchmittNieto.

     

    About the costing, you are correct. However, this will be limited as only a specific part of the logs across multiple tenants will be queries. But indeed, there is definitely a cost related to the strategy.

  • Thanks for sharing this article - it’s always enlightening to discover new strategies in Azure multi-tenant monitoring.

    One thing to note, though, is the potential for additional costs due to double log ingestion.

    However, with proper planning from the outset, this shouldn’t be an issue.

     

    Really appreciate it!

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Many customers who use Azure services are working in a multi-tenant structure, where they share some common resources with other customers, but have their own data and configuration. This can be a cost-effective, scalable and secure way to build solutions on Azure, but it also poses some challenges for support or monitoring teams.

\n

 

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How can you get an overview of the performance and status of resources spread over multiple tenants? How can you troubleshoot issues, optimize costs, and ensure reliability and availability for your customers? How can you provide insights and feedback to your customers based on their usage and behavior? 

\n

 

\n

In this article, we will discuss some of the key aspects of designing and implementing a monitoring strategy for a multi-tenant solution on Azure, using the features and tools of Azure Monitor.

","body":"

1. Multi Tenant solution

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Often customers are operating using a multi-tenant architecture in Azure for several reasons: cost-effectiveness, scalability and security. However, this architecture will make it challenging to get an overview of the status of resources across the different tenants. E.g., an application with different instances of it running across multiple tenants. The person responsible for the performance and operational effectiveness of the application will have a hard time monitoring the status of each of these instances. In an ideal scenario, this person would be able to assess all this information from a single pane of glass instead of having to log into each tenant to retrieve this data.

\n

Given the scenario above, it is not possible to send log data from resources in tenant A to a Log Analytics Workspace in tenant B. A possible solution to address this challenge is to use the Hybrid model when implementing your Log Analytics Workspace architecture.

\n

 

\n
“In a Hybrid model, each tenant has its own workspace. A mechanism is used to pull data into a central location for reporting and analytics. This data could include a small number of data types or a summary of the activity, such as daily statistics.”
\n

In order to centralize the data in a multi-tenant solution, there are two options:

\n\n

For the sake of this article, we will focus on the first option, namely creating a central Log Analytics Workspace by leveraging the Log Query and Ingestion API. However, as discussed above, there are different approaches one could choose from. A high level architecture of this approach would look like the following:

\n
\n

 

\n
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In the remainder of this article, we will provide a step by step tutorial on how this hybrid model can be implemented using Azure Services. Programming language used in the article is Python. However, other programming languages are supported as well, such as: .NET, Go, Java or JavaScript.

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2. Practical implementation

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The first step is to configure your centralized Log Analytics Workspace environment by setting up the following:

\n\n

The steps outlined above are explained in the following tutorial:

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\n
Tutorial: Send data to Azure Monitor Logs with Logs ingestion API (Azure portal) — Azure Monitor | Microsoft Learn
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In terms of authentication, take the following into account:

\n\n

Both methods will accomplish the task; hence, it depends on the company’s security policies and requirements to decide which solution to use. However, in this article the Service Principal + App registration has been used.

\n

 

\n

After the central Log Analytics Workspace has been created and the right authentication method has been selected, the next step will be to start writing the script. From a high level point of view, the script will query the Log Analytics Workspace inside the tenant where it will be deployed. Next, it will take the results of the query and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace created in previous steps. 

\n

 

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As mentioned, the programming language used in this article is Python. The same goal can be achieved using different programming languages such as .NET, Go, Java, JavaScript.

\n

 

\n

A more detailed architecture would look like this:

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\n

\n

 

\n

 

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3. Getting Started

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Step 1: Required imports

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\n
import logging\nimport os\nimport sys\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nimport json\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError\nfrom azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential\nfrom azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient\nfrom azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus
\n

 

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Step 2: Set variables required further in the script

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\n
# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created\nLOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']\nDATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']\nLOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']\nLOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']\n# Get information from the created Service Principal created\nAZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']\nAZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']\nAZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']\n# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)\nAZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']
\n

 

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Step 3: Configure credentials

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\n
# Configure credentials\ncredential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)\ncredential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)
\n

 

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Step 4: Configure Query and Ingestion clients

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# Create clients\nlogs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)\ningestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)
\n

 

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Step 5: Define the KQL query you want to run against the Log Analytics Workspace (results of this will be ingested into the centralized workspace)

\n

 

\n
# Define query and time span (example)\nquery = \"\"\"<Your KQL query>\"\"\"\nstart_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\nend_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
\n

 

\n

Step 6: Query Log Analytics Workspace and put results into a list of JSON objects (which is required for the ingestion of the data)

\n

 

\n
# Query Log Analytics Workspace\nresponse = logs_query_client.query_workspace(\n    LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,\n    query=query,\n    timespan=(start_time, end_time)\n)\nif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:\n    error = response.partial_error\n    data = response.partial_data\n    print(error)\nelif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:\n    data = response.tables\n# Convert data to JSON list\njson_list = []\nfor table in data:\n    df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)\n    # Use f-string for string formatting\n    print(f\"Dataframe:\\n{df}\\n\")\n    # Use list comprehension for creating list\n    json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient=\"records\", lines=True).splitlines()])\n    # Use f-string for string formatting\n    print(f\"JSON list:\\n{json_list}\\n\")
\n

 

\n

Step 7: Take the results and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace

\n

 

\n
#Upload logs\ningestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)\nprint(\"Upload done\")
\n

 

\n

The full script:

\n

 

\n
import logging\nimport os\nimport sys\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nimport json\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError\nfrom azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential\nfrom azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient\nfrom azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus\n\n# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created\nLOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']\nDATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']\nLOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']\nLOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']\n\n# Get information from the created Service Principal created\nAZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']\nAZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']\nAZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']\n\n# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)\nAZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']\n\n# Configure credentials\ncredential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)\ncredential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)\n\n# Create clients\nlogs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)\ningestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)\n\n# Define query and time span (example)\nquery = \"\"\"<Your KQL query>\"\"\"\nstart_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\nend_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n\ntry:\n    # Query Log Analytics Workspace\n    response = logs_query_client.query_workspace(\n        LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,\n        query=query,\n        timespan=(start_time, end_time)\n    )\n    if response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:\n        error = response.partial_error\n        data = response.partial_data\n        print(error)\n    elif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:\n        data = response.tables\n\n   # Convert data to JSON list\n    json_list = []\n    for table in data:\n        df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)\n        # Use f-string for string formatting\n        print(f\"Dataframe:\\n{df}\\n\")\n        # Use list comprehension for creating list\n        json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient=\"records\", lines=True).splitlines()])\n        # Use f-string for string formatting\n        print(f\"JSON list:\\n{json_list}\\n\")\n\n    # Upload logs\n    ingestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)\n    print(\"Upload done\")\n\nexcept HttpResponseError as e:\n    # Use f-string for string formatting\n    print(f\"Upload failed: {e}\")
\n

 

\n

Step 8: Azure Functions

\n

Once the script is written and runs locally, the next step will be to deploy this to the cloud and automate this. For this, multiple approaches are possible: Azure Logic Apps, Azure Functions, Azure Automation, PowerShell… In this article we deployed the script as an Azure Function and used the Timer Trigger in order to run the Function at a predefined interval (e.g., every 5 minutes). We deployed the function inside the tenant of the workspace we are going to query.

\n

 

\n

How to get started with Azure Functions:

\n\n

Important: add the User Assigned Managed Identity created above to the identity settings of the Function App. This is required for the Function to be authenticated to Query the Log Analytics Workspace.

\n

 

\n

Step 9: (Optional) Visualization

\n

After consolidating data from various resources in different tenants, creating visualizations could add an interesting dimension. Microsoft Azure offers multiple tools to do this:

\n\n

Step 10: (Optional) Create Log Alert Rules

\n

Once the data has been centralized across different tenants, one could start to create Log Alert Rules. The alert rule is based on a log query that will run automatically at regular intervals. Based on the results of the query, Azure Monitor will determine if an alert — linked to the query — should be created and fired.

\n

 

\n

3. Security considerations

\n

 

\n

This solution relies on client secrets for authentication via the Service Principal and App Registration. To uphold robust security, our system enforces the expiration and periodic renewal of these critical credentials, mitigating potential vulnerabilities. It is essential to maintain vigilant monitoring to proactively detect and address any issues stemming from expired secrets, thereby avoiding disruptions to the solution’s functionality.

\n

 

\n

To streamline this process, we recommend integrating with Logic Apps, providing an automated and centralized solution for secret management. For further details on this integration, refer to following article: 

\n

 

\n
Use Azure Logic Apps to Notify of Pending AAD Application Client Secrets and Certificate Expirations — Microsoft Community Hub 
\n

This approach not only enhances security practices but also guarantees an efficient and proactive handling of sensitive information.

","body@stringLength":"23205","rawBody":"

1. Multi Tenant solution

\n

 

\n

Often customers are operating using a multi-tenant architecture in Azure for several reasons: cost-effectiveness, scalability and security. However, this architecture will make it challenging to get an overview of the status of resources across the different tenants. E.g., an application with different instances of it running across multiple tenants. The person responsible for the performance and operational effectiveness of the application will have a hard time monitoring the status of each of these instances. In an ideal scenario, this person would be able to assess all this information from a single pane of glass instead of having to log into each tenant to retrieve this data.

\n

Given the scenario above, it is not possible to send log data from resources in tenant A to a Log Analytics Workspace in tenant B. A possible solution to address this challenge is to use the Hybrid model when implementing your Log Analytics Workspace architecture.

\n

 

\n
“In a Hybrid model, each tenant has its own workspace. A mechanism is used to pull data into a central location for reporting and analytics. This data could include a small number of data types or a summary of the activity, such as daily statistics.”
\n

In order to centralize the data in a multi-tenant solution, there are two options:

\n\n

For the sake of this article, we will focus on the first option, namely creating a central Log Analytics Workspace by leveraging the Log Query and Ingestion API. However, as discussed above, there are different approaches one could choose from. A high level architecture of this approach would look like the following:

\n
\n

 

\n
\n

In the remainder of this article, we will provide a step by step tutorial on how this hybrid model can be implemented using Azure Services. Programming language used in the article is Python. However, other programming languages are supported as well, such as: .NET, Go, Java or JavaScript.

\n

 

\n

2. Practical implementation

\n

 

\n

The first step is to configure your centralized Log Analytics Workspace environment by setting up the following:

\n\n

The steps outlined above are explained in the following tutorial:

\n

 

\n
Tutorial: Send data to Azure Monitor Logs with Logs ingestion API (Azure portal) — Azure Monitor | Microsoft Learn
\n

In terms of authentication, take the following into account:

\n\n

Both methods will accomplish the task; hence, it depends on the company’s security policies and requirements to decide which solution to use. However, in this article the Service Principal + App registration has been used.

\n

 

\n

After the central Log Analytics Workspace has been created and the right authentication method has been selected, the next step will be to start writing the script. From a high level point of view, the script will query the Log Analytics Workspace inside the tenant where it will be deployed. Next, it will take the results of the query and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace created in previous steps. 

\n

 

\n

As mentioned, the programming language used in this article is Python. The same goal can be achieved using different programming languages such as .NET, Go, Java, JavaScript.

\n

 

\n

A more detailed architecture would look like this:

\n

 

\n

\n

 

\n

 

\n

3. Getting Started

\n

Step 1: Required imports

\n

 

\nimport logging\nimport os\nimport sys\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nimport json\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError\nfrom azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential\nfrom azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient\nfrom azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus\n

 

\n

Step 2: Set variables required further in the script

\n

 

\n# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created\nLOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']\nDATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']\nLOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']\nLOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']\n# Get information from the created Service Principal created\nAZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']\nAZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']\nAZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']\n# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)\nAZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']\n

 

\n

Step 3: Configure credentials

\n

 

\n# Configure credentials\ncredential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)\ncredential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)\n

 

\n

Step 4: Configure Query and Ingestion clients

\n

 

\n# Create clients\nlogs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)\ningestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)\n

 

\n

Step 5: Define the KQL query you want to run against the Log Analytics Workspace (results of this will be ingested into the centralized workspace)

\n

 

\n# Define query and time span (example)\nquery = \"\"\"<Your KQL query>\"\"\"\nstart_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\nend_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n

 

\n

Step 6: Query Log Analytics Workspace and put results into a list of JSON objects (which is required for the ingestion of the data)

\n

 

\n# Query Log Analytics Workspace\nresponse = logs_query_client.query_workspace(\n LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,\n query=query,\n timespan=(start_time, end_time)\n)\nif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:\n error = response.partial_error\n data = response.partial_data\n print(error)\nelif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:\n data = response.tables\n# Convert data to JSON list\njson_list = []\nfor table in data:\n df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)\n # Use f-string for string formatting\n print(f\"Dataframe:\\n{df}\\n\")\n # Use list comprehension for creating list\n json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient=\"records\", lines=True).splitlines()])\n # Use f-string for string formatting\n print(f\"JSON list:\\n{json_list}\\n\")\n

 

\n

Step 7: Take the results and ingest them into the centralized Log Analytics Workspace

\n

 

\n#Upload logs\ningestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)\nprint(\"Upload done\")\n

 

\n

The full script:

\n

 

\nimport logging\nimport os\nimport sys\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nimport json\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom azure.core.exceptions import HttpResponseError\nfrom azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential\nfrom azure.monitor.ingestion import LogsIngestionClient\nfrom azure.monitor.query import LogsQueryClient, LogsQueryStatus\n\n# Get information from the centralized Log Analytics Worspace and DCR/DCE created\nLOGS_WORKSPACE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID']\nDATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT = os.environ['DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT']\nLOGS_DCR_RULE_ID = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID']\nLOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME = os.environ['LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME']\n\n# Get information from the created Service Principal created\nAZURE_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']\nAZURE_TENANT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']\nAZURE_CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']\n\n# Get client ID from User Assigned Managed Identity (UA_MI)\nAZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID = os.environ['AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID']\n\n# Configure credentials\ncredential_mi = ManagedIdentityCredential(AZURE_UA_MI_CLIENT_ID)\ncredential = ClientSecretCredential(AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET)\n\n# Create clients\nlogs_query_client = LogsQueryClient(credential_mi)\ningestion_client = LogsIngestionClient(endpoint=DATA_COLLECTION_ENDPOINT, credential=credential, logging_enable=True)\n\n# Define query and time span (example)\nquery = \"\"\"<Your KQL query>\"\"\"\nstart_time = datetime(2024, 1, 11, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\nend_time = datetime(2024, 1, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n\ntry:\n # Query Log Analytics Workspace\n response = logs_query_client.query_workspace(\n LOGS_WORKSPACE_ID,\n query=query,\n timespan=(start_time, end_time)\n )\n if response.status == LogsQueryStatus.PARTIAL:\n error = response.partial_error\n data = response.partial_data\n print(error)\n elif response.status == LogsQueryStatus.SUCCESS:\n data = response.tables\n\n # Convert data to JSON list\n json_list = []\n for table in data:\n df = pd.DataFrame(data=table.rows, columns=table.columns)\n # Use f-string for string formatting\n print(f\"Dataframe:\\n{df}\\n\")\n # Use list comprehension for creating list\n json_list.extend([json.loads(row) for row in df.to_json(orient=\"records\", lines=True).splitlines()])\n # Use f-string for string formatting\n print(f\"JSON list:\\n{json_list}\\n\")\n\n # Upload logs\n ingestion_client.upload(rule_id=LOGS_DCR_RULE_ID, stream_name=LOGS_DCR_STREAM_NAME, logs=json_list)\n print(\"Upload done\")\n\nexcept HttpResponseError as e:\n # Use f-string for string formatting\n print(f\"Upload failed: {e}\")\n

 

\n

Step 8: Azure Functions

\n

Once the script is written and runs locally, the next step will be to deploy this to the cloud and automate this. For this, multiple approaches are possible: Azure Logic Apps, Azure Functions, Azure Automation, PowerShell… In this article we deployed the script as an Azure Function and used the Timer Trigger in order to run the Function at a predefined interval (e.g., every 5 minutes). We deployed the function inside the tenant of the workspace we are going to query.

\n

 

\n

How to get started with Azure Functions:

\n\n

Important: add the User Assigned Managed Identity created above to the identity settings of the Function App. This is required for the Function to be authenticated to Query the Log Analytics Workspace.

\n

 

\n

Step 9: (Optional) Visualization

\n

After consolidating data from various resources in different tenants, creating visualizations could add an interesting dimension. Microsoft Azure offers multiple tools to do this:

\n\n

Step 10: (Optional) Create Log Alert Rules

\n

Once the data has been centralized across different tenants, one could start to create Log Alert Rules. The alert rule is based on a log query that will run automatically at regular intervals. Based on the results of the query, Azure Monitor will determine if an alert — linked to the query — should be created and fired.

\n

 

\n

3. Security considerations

\n

 

\n

This solution relies on client secrets for authentication via the Service Principal and App Registration. To uphold robust security, our system enforces the expiration and periodic renewal of these critical credentials, mitigating potential vulnerabilities. It is essential to maintain vigilant monitoring to proactively detect and address any issues stemming from expired secrets, thereby avoiding disruptions to the solution’s functionality.

\n

 

\n

To streamline this process, we recommend integrating with Logic Apps, providing an automated and centralized solution for secret management. For further details on this integration, refer to following article: 

\n

 

\n
Use Azure Logic Apps to Notify of Pending AAD Application Client Secrets and Certificate Expirations — Microsoft Community Hub 
\n

This approach not only enhances security practices but also guarantees an efficient and proactive handling of sensitive information.

","kudosSumWeight":6,"postTime":"2024-01-29T04:05:33.012-08:00","images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ2NWlFRTNBMkEyNTc0QjU0NzI2?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ3MWk4QjUxOEQ2NDU4MzFFOUFG?revision=6\"}"}}],"totalCount":2,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"tags":{"__typename":"TagConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDE","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:azure monitor","text":"azure monitor","time":"2018-06-07T00:13:17.658-07:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}}]},"timeToRead":7,"rawTeaser":"

Many customers who use Azure services are working in a multi-tenant structure, where they share some common resources with other customers, but have their own data and configuration. This can be a cost-effective, scalable and secure way to build solutions on Azure, but it also poses some challenges for support or monitoring teams.

\n

 

\n

How can you get an overview of the performance and status of resources spread over multiple tenants? How can you troubleshoot issues, optimize costs, and ensure reliability and availability for your customers? How can you provide insights and feedback to your customers based on their usage and behavior? 

\n

 

\n

In this article, we will discuss some of the key aspects of designing and implementing a monitoring strategy for a multi-tenant solution on Azure, using the features and tools of Azure Monitor.

","introduction":"","coverImage":null,"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""},"currentRevision":{"__ref":"Revision:revision:4042140_6"},"latestVersion":{"__typename":"FriendlyVersion","major":"6","minor":"0"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":12906},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","canonicalUrl":null,"seoTitle":"How To Monitor Your Multi-Tenant Solution on Azure With Azure Monitor","seoDescription":"Many customers who use Azure services are working in a multi-tenant structure, where they share some common resources with other customers, but have their own data and configuration. This can be a cost-effective, scalable and secure way to build solutions on Azure, but it also poses some challenges for support or monitoring teams.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHow can you get an overview of the performance and status of resources spread over multiple tenants? How can you troubleshoot issues, optimize costs, and ensure reliability and availability for your customers? How can you provide insights and feedback to your customers based on their usage and behavior? \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn this article, we will discuss some of the key aspects of designing and implementing a monitoring strategy for a multi-tenant solution on Azure, using the features and tools of Azure Monitor.","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"contributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"nonCoAuthorContributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"coAuthors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"blogMessagePolicies":{"__typename":"BlogMessagePolicies","canDoAuthoringActionsOnBlog":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.blog.action_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.blog.action_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"archivalData":null,"replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"MessageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8aXwxMHwxMzI6MHxpbnQsNDA2MzE2Niw0MDYzMTY2","node":{"__ref":"BlogReplyMessage:message:4063166"}},{"__typename":"MessageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8aXwxMHwxMzI6MHxpbnQsNDA2MzE2Niw0MDYwMDg3","node":{"__ref":"BlogReplyMessage:message:4060087"}},{"__typename":"MessageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8aXwxMHwxMzI6MHxpbnQsNDA2MzE2Niw0MDU2MDM2","node":{"__ref":"BlogReplyMessage:message:4056036"}},{"__typename":"MessageEdge","cursor":"MjUuM3wyLjF8aXwxMHwxMzI6MHxpbnQsNDA2MzE2Niw0MDU1NTkz","node":{"__ref":"BlogReplyMessage:message:4055593"}}],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[],"revisions({\"constraints\":{\"isPublished\":{\"eq\":true}},\"first\":1})":{"__typename":"RevisionConnection","totalCount":6}},"Conversation:conversation:4042140":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:4042140","solved":false,"topic":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:4042140"},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2024-02-21T02:18:44.135-08:00","lastPostTime":"2024-02-21T02:18:44.135-08:00","unreadReplyCount":4,"isSubscribed":false},"ModerationData:moderation_data:4042140":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:4042140","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ2NWlFRTNBMkEyNTc0QjU0NzI2?revision=6\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ2NWlFRTNBMkEyNTc0QjU0NzI2?revision=6","title":"TomClaes_5-1706353812529.png","associationType":"BODY","width":838,"height":305,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ3MWk4QjUxOEQ2NDU4MzFFOUFG?revision=6\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/s/gxcuf89792/images/bS00MDQyMTQwLTU0NjQ3MWk4QjUxOEQ2NDU4MzFFOUFG?revision=6","title":"TomClaes_10-1706354099643.png","associationType":"BODY","width":960,"height":408,"altText":null},"Revision:revision:4042140_6":{"__typename":"Revision","id":"revision:4042140_6","lastEditTime":"2024-01-29T04:11:17.183-08:00"},"CachedAsset:theme:customTheme1-1746563716603":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"theme:customTheme1-1746563716603","value":{"id":"customTheme1","animation":{"fast":"150ms","normal":"250ms","slow":"500ms","slowest":"750ms","function":"cubic-bezier(0.07, 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How To Monitor Your Multi-Tenant Solution on Azure With Azure Monitor","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:4063166"},"body":"

Thank you master135 for the interesting feedback. However, the code is indeed doing exactly what has been described in the beginning of the article, namely: \"Create a central Log Analytics Workspace. To query and ingest the data into this location, one can use either the Query API and the logs Ingestion API or use Azure Logic Apps to centralize the data\". 

\n

 

\n

The points you made regarding the last successful interval, monitoring of and dealing with failed deliveries, limits of the Query API, are indeed important for further development of the solution. 

\n

 

\n

Feel free to contact me via private message such that we can maybe collaborate on the extended version of this solution, covering the different points mentioned above.

\n

 

\n

Thanks!

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I would imagine this is very simplified approach to send the logs this way. You cannot guarantee you caputed all logs because you rely on the time intervals which is hard to deal with without saving last successfull interval. And you don't have any logic to remidiate failed delivery. Also certain limits applied to the Log Analytics Query API. So this code will dramatically grow at the final version.

 

Log analytics can export many standard Microsoft tables from the Log Analytics to the EventHub (which wil definitely cost extra) with native Export functionality of the Log Analytics. And then use function to send the logs from EventHub.

 

WIsh Microsoft made Log Analytics to be tenant agnostic when you configure logs export, this would solve so many problems.

 

 

 

 

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Thank you for your feedback, CristianSchmittNieto.

\n

 

\n

About the costing, you are correct. However, this will be limited as only a specific part of the logs across multiple tenants will be queries. But indeed, there is definitely a cost related to the strategy.

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Thanks for sharing this article - it’s always enlightening to discover new strategies in Azure multi-tenant monitoring.

One thing to note, though, is the potential for additional costs due to double log ingestion.

However, with proper planning from the outset, this shouldn’t be an issue.

 

Really appreciate it!

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