In this blog post, we will walk you through basic to advanced scenarios for Azure network security. Ready to become an Azure NetSec ninja? Dive right in!
Check back here routinely, as we will keep updating this blog post with new content as it becomes available.
Anything in here that could be improved or may be missing? Let us know in the comments below, we’re looking forward to hearing from you.
Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) running on Azure Front Door and Azure Application Gateway, now supports JavaScript (JS) challenge. Azure WAF JavaScript challenge is available as a new mitigation action as part of the Bot Manager rule set and custom rules. The JavaScript challenge is an invisible web challenge used to distinguish between legitimate users and bots. Malicious bots fail the challenge, which protects web applications. In addition, the JavaScript challenge is beneficial as it reduces friction for legitimate users since it doesn't require any human intervention.
Azure Network Security Ninja Training Sections
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1 The Basics
1.1 Introduction to network security concepts
This module introduces general concepts of network and web application security.
1.1.1 Network security in Azure
Be familiar with network security concepts and ways you can achieve a secure network deployment in the Azure cloud.
Azure DDoS Network Protection, combined with application design best practices, provides enhanced DDoS mitigation features to defend against DDoS attacks.
This MS Learn module will show you how to guard your Azure services from a denial-of-service attack using Azure DDoS Protection.
1.2.1.2 Azure DDoS Protection - IP Protection
IP Protection is a new SKU for Azure DDoS Protection that is designed with SMBs in mind and delivers enterprise-grade, and cost-effective DDoS protection. You can defend against L3/L4 DDoS attacks with always-on monitoring and adaptive tuning that ensure your application is always protected. With IP Protection, you now have the flexibility to enable protection on a single public IP. Azure DDoS Protection integrates seamlessly with other Azure services for real-time alerts, metrics, and insights to strengthen your security posture.
Azure Firewall is a managed, cloud-based network security service that protects your Azure Virtual Network resources. It's a fully stateful firewall as a service with built-in high availability and unrestricted cloud scalability.
Azure Firewall Manager is a security management service that provides central security policy and route management for cloud-based security perimeters.
This MS Learn module will describe how Azure Firewall protects Azure Virtual Network resources, including the Azure Firewall features, rules, deployment options, and administration with Azure Firewall Manager.
1.2.3 Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)
Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities. You can deploy WAF on Azure Application Gateway or WAF on Azure Front Door.
This MS Learn module will show how Azure Web Application Firewall protects Azure web applications from common attacks, including its features, how it’s deployed, and its common use cases.
2 Architecture and Deployments
2.1 Standalone Deployments
2.1.1 Azure DDoS Protection
When deploying Azure DDoS Protection, keep in mind that public IPs in ARM-based VNETs are currently the only type of protected resource. Public IPs that are part of PaaS services (multitenant) are not supported for Azure DDoS Network Protection SKU at this time.
The main steps to deploy Azure DDoS Network Protection are:
You can choose to deploy Azure Firewall Basic SKU, Azure Firewall Standard SKU or Azure Firewall Premium SKU. Check the documentation below to get an understanding of their feature differences:
It is also possible to upgrade or downgrade between the Azure Firewall Standard and Azure Firewall Premium SKUs. This upgrade/downgrade feature allows you to easily and efficiently move between these two SKUs without service downtime, with a single click of a button.
During your planning stages, it’s also a good idea to refer to the known issues for these products. Being aware of these known issues will save you time and stress when deploying your Azure Firewall.
Structured Firewall Logs - This new Azure Firewall log type enables the use of resource-specific tables instead of the existing AzureDiagnostic table. The structured logs contain more detailed view of firewall events and provide more metadata such as time of the event and the name of the Azure Firewall instance.
Azure Firewall Resource Health - This enables one to view the health status of Azure Firewall and address service problems that may affect the Azure Firewall resource. This will allow teams to receive proactive notifications regarding potential health degradations and recommended mitigation actions for each health event type.
Built-in Firewall Workbook - The Azure Firewall Workbook provides a dynamic ability for Azure Firewall data analysis. You can use it to create rich visual reports within the Azure portal. You can tap into multiple Firewalls deployed across Azure and combine them into unified interactive experiences. This workbook is now available within the Azure Firewall instance, providing an easy and convenient way to track your Azure Firewall statistics.
Azure Firewall can be configured in proxy mode to enable the sending application direct traffic to the firewall's private IP address without the use of a User Defined Route (UDR).
Azure Firewall integration with O365 enables the ability to secure and manage traffic destined to O365 endpoints in an efficient and simplified manner. This is achieved through the use of Azure Firewall built-in service tags and FQDN tags which group the required IPv4 addresses by Office365 service and category. The service tags and FQDN tags can be used in the Firewall Network rules or Application rules to secure traffic destined to the O365 endpoint or IP address.
You can also check out this Azure Firewall Deep Dive on YouTube (82 minutes). It covers almost everything you need to know!
Azure Firewall NAT
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used to map one IP address to another, helping with scenarios such as IP address translation between private and public networks. Azure Firewall supports two types of NAT: Source Network Address Translation (SNAT), which changes the source IP address of outbound traffic, and Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT), which maps inbound traffic to a specific destination IP address.
Private IP DNAT support was recently introduced, allowing Azure Firewall to map inbound traffic to private IP addresses in your network. This feature enables secure and scalable connectivity to internal resources, even when those resources are hosted on private IPs within a virtual network, broadening Azure Firewall’s capability for handling traffic across both public and private endpoints.
Azure Web Application Firewall DRS and CRS Rules and Rule Groups
The Azure Web Application Firewall consists of the Core Rule Sets (CRS) or Default Rules Sets (DRS) which are rules that protect web applications from common vulnerabilities and exploits. These rulesets are managed by Azure making them easy to deploy to protect against a common set of security threats.
The Application Gateway WAF consists of rules based on the OWASP CRS 3.2, 3.1 or 3.0. Additionally, the Application Gateway WAF now supports the Default Ruleset (DRS) 2.1. The Default Ruleset (DRS) is an Azure managed ruleset that is baselined from the OWASP CRS rules and includes the Microsoft Threat Intelligence (MSTIC) rules that are written in partnership with the Microsoft Intelligence team.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive Data Protection
The sensitive data protection for WAF is a feature that masks sensitive data (such as passwords, IP addresses) that can be read within the WAF logs. Normally, when a WAF rule is triggered, the WAF logs the details of the request in clear text. To protect against the exposure of sensitive data, the Web Application Firewall's (WAF's) Log Scrubbing tool (preview) assists to remove sensitive data from the WAF logs by using a rules engine that allows one to build custom rules to identify specific portions of a request that contain sensitive information. Once identified, the tool scrubs that information from your logs and replaces it with *******.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive JavaScript Challenge (Preview)
The Azure WAF JavaScript Challenge is a powerful security feature designed to help protect web applications from automated bot attacks. When a client attempts to access a protected web application, the WAF injects a lightweight JavaScript challenge that must be executed by the client’s browser. Legitimate browsers can handle this challenge seamlessly, while malicious bots typically fail to execute the JavaScript, thus blocking their access. This proactive approach significantly reduces the risk of automated attacks such as scraping, credential stuffing, and other malicious activities, enhancing the overall security posture of web applications without disrupting the user experience.
Azure Web Application Firewall Inspection Limits and Size Limits
Azure WAF has introduced the capability to independently configure inspection limits and size limits, giving users more flexibility in managing traffic. Previously, the inspection limit and size limit were tied together, meaning that requests exceeding the defined size limit were not only rejected but also excluded from inspection. Now, with this separation, users can configure different thresholds: the size limit controls whether a request is allowed based on its size, while the inspection limit governs the maximum request size that will be inspected for threats. This separation allows large requests to pass without triggering rejections, while still inspecting smaller requests for security risks, providing a more balanced and customizable security posture.
Azure Firewall Manager now also manages WAF Policy and DDoS Protection plans. This will assist organizations to easily manage and control their network security policy deployments. Check out What is Azure Firewall Manager? | Microsoft Learn for more information on this.
Azure Firewall Policy Analytics provides deeper insights, centralized visibility and greater granular control to Azure Firewall rules and policies. Policy Analytics enables one to easily and efficiently fine-tune Azure Firewall rules and policies ensuring enhanced security and compliance.
3.3.4 Restrict creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans with Azure Policy
If you are looking to prevent unplanned or unapproved costs associated with the creation of multiple DDoS plans within the same tenant, check out this Azure Policy template. This policy denies the creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans on any subscriptions, except for the ones defined as allowed.
During an active access, Azure DDoS Network Protection customers have access to the DDoS Rapid Response (DRR) team, who can help with attack investigation during an attack and post-attack analysis.
This DDoS Mitigation Alert Enrichment template will alert administrators of a DDoS event, while adding essential information in the body of the email for a more detailed notification.
4 Integrations
Using Azure Sentinel with Azure Web Application Firewall
You can integrate Azure WAF with Azure Sentinel for security information event management (SIEM). By doing this, you can use Azure Sentinel’s security analytics, playbooks and workbooks with your WAF’s log data.
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how to configure the log connector, query logs, generate incidents, and automate responses to incidents.
Using Azure Sentinel Solutions for Azure Firewall
The Azure Firewall Solution provides new threat detections, hunting queries, a new firewall workbook and response automation as packaged content. This enables you to find the appropriate solution easily and then deploy all the components in the solution in a single step from the Solutions blade in Azure Sentinel.
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how automate detections and response for Azure Firewall events using Azure Sentinel.
5 Hands-on Labs
Network Security Demo lab: Azure pre-configured test deployment kit for POC is available in this repository. You can use this lab to validate Proof of Concepts for the different Network security products. You can find more information on set up and demo in the NetSec POC blogpost
WAF Attack test lab: Set up a Web Application Firewall lab environment to verify how you can identify, detect and protect against suspicious activities in your environment. This blogpost provides steps to protect against potential attacks, and you can deploy the template from GitHub.
Interactive Guide: If you cannot set up a lab environment, you can still get a hands-on experience with our Azure network security interactive guide. In this guide, we will show you how you can protect your cloud infrastructure with Azure network security tools.
6 Resource References
Register for upcoming webinars or watch recordings of past webinars in our Microsoft Security Community!
Excellent content, there is always a lot to learn and improve. I do miss the Azure Monitor Private Link Scope as a topic. Shouldn't that be included in this NetSec Ninja training? camilamartins
Hi AndrePKI Thanks for the suggestion. However, the current scope of this Ninja training is on Azure Firewall/Firewall Manager, Azure WAF and Azure DDoS.
_Igor_Schulz there a lot of different Ninja badges in this community, they are unofficial and just a fun way to get a small reward. The actual MS Certification exams are much more difficult.
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Become an Azure Network Security Ninja! We have gathered essential materials, from foundational to advanced concepts, to help you master network security in Azure.
","body":"
Last updated - April 24, 2025
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In this blog post, we will walk you through basic to advanced scenarios for Azure network security. Ready to become an Azure NetSec ninja? Dive right in!
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Check back here routinely, as we will keep updating this blog post with new content as it becomes available.
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Anything in here that could be improved or may be missing? Let us know in the comments below, we’re looking forward to hearing from you.
Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) running on Azure Front Door and Azure Application Gateway, now supports JavaScript (JS) challenge. Azure WAF JavaScript challenge is available as a new mitigation action as part of the Bot Manager rule set and custom rules. The JavaScript challenge is an invisible web challenge used to distinguish between legitimate users and bots. Malicious bots fail the challenge, which protects web applications. In addition, the JavaScript challenge is beneficial as it reduces friction for legitimate users since it doesn't require any human intervention.
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\nAzure Network Security Ninja Training Sections\n
Knowledge Check
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Take the Azure Network Security Ninja Knowledge Test to confirm your Azure Network Security Ninja Skills.
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Once you have completed the training, take the knowledge check here.
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If you score more than 80% in the knowledge check, request your certificate here. If you achieved less than 80%, please review the training material again and re-take the assessment.
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1 The Basics
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1.1 Introduction to network security concepts
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This module introduces general concepts of network and web application security.
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1.1.1 Network security in Azure
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Be familiar with network security concepts and ways you can achieve a secure network deployment in the Azure cloud.
Azure DDoS Network Protection, combined with application design best practices, provides enhanced DDoS mitigation features to defend against DDoS attacks.
This MS Learn module will show you how to guard your Azure services from a denial-of-service attack using Azure DDoS Protection.
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1.2.1.2 Azure DDoS Protection - IP Protection
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IP Protection is a new SKU for Azure DDoS Protection that is designed with SMBs in mind and delivers enterprise-grade, and cost-effective DDoS protection. You can defend against L3/L4 DDoS attacks with always-on monitoring and adaptive tuning that ensure your application is always protected. With IP Protection, you now have the flexibility to enable protection on a single public IP. Azure DDoS Protection integrates seamlessly with other Azure services for real-time alerts, metrics, and insights to strengthen your security posture.
Azure Firewall is a managed, cloud-based network security service that protects your Azure Virtual Network resources. It's a fully stateful firewall as a service with built-in high availability and unrestricted cloud scalability.
Azure Firewall Manager is a security management service that provides central security policy and route management for cloud-based security perimeters.
This MS Learn module will describe how Azure Firewall protects Azure Virtual Network resources, including the Azure Firewall features, rules, deployment options, and administration with Azure Firewall Manager.
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1.2.3 Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)
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Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities. You can deploy WAF on Azure Application Gateway or WAF on Azure Front Door.
This MS Learn module will show how Azure Web Application Firewall protects Azure web applications from common attacks, including its features, how it’s deployed, and its common use cases.
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2 Architecture and Deployments
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2.1 Standalone Deployments
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2.1.1 Azure DDoS Protection
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When deploying Azure DDoS Protection, keep in mind that public IPs in ARM-based VNETs are currently the only type of protected resource. Public IPs that are part of PaaS services (multitenant) are not supported for Azure DDoS Network Protection SKU at this time.
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The main steps to deploy Azure DDoS Network Protection are:
You can choose to deploy Azure Firewall Basic SKU, Azure Firewall Standard SKU or Azure Firewall Premium SKU. Check the documentation below to get an understanding of their feature differences:
It is also possible to upgrade or downgrade between the Azure Firewall Standard and Azure Firewall Premium SKUs. This upgrade/downgrade feature allows you to easily and efficiently move between these two SKUs without service downtime, with a single click of a button.
During your planning stages, it’s also a good idea to refer to the known issues for these products. Being aware of these known issues will save you time and stress when deploying your Azure Firewall.
Structured Firewall Logs - This new Azure Firewall log type enables the use of resource-specific tables instead of the existing AzureDiagnostic table. The structured logs contain more detailed view of firewall events and provide more metadata such as time of the event and the name of the Azure Firewall instance.\n
Azure Firewall Resource Health - This enables one to view the health status of Azure Firewall and address service problems that may affect the Azure Firewall resource. This will allow teams to receive proactive notifications regarding potential health degradations and recommended mitigation actions for each health event type.\n
Built-in Firewall Workbook - The Azure Firewall Workbook provides a dynamic ability for Azure Firewall data analysis. You can use it to create rich visual reports within the Azure portal. You can tap into multiple Firewalls deployed across Azure and combine them into unified interactive experiences. This workbook is now available within the Azure Firewall instance, providing an easy and convenient way to track your Azure Firewall statistics.\n
Azure Firewall can be configured in proxy mode to enable the sending application direct traffic to the firewall's private IP address without the use of a User Defined Route (UDR).
Azure Firewall integration with O365 enables the ability to secure and manage traffic destined to O365 endpoints in an efficient and simplified manner. This is achieved through the use of Azure Firewall built-in service tags and FQDN tags which group the required IPv4 addresses by Office365 service and category. The service tags and FQDN tags can be used in the Firewall Network rules or Application rules to secure traffic destined to the O365 endpoint or IP address.
You can also check out this Azure Firewall Deep Dive on YouTube (82 minutes). It covers almost everything you need to know!
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Azure Firewall NAT
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Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used to map one IP address to another, helping with scenarios such as IP address translation between private and public networks. Azure Firewall supports two types of NAT: Source Network Address Translation (SNAT), which changes the source IP address of outbound traffic, and Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT), which maps inbound traffic to a specific destination IP address.
Private IP DNAT support was recently introduced, allowing Azure Firewall to map inbound traffic to private IP addresses in your network. This feature enables secure and scalable connectivity to internal resources, even when those resources are hosted on private IPs within a virtual network, broadening Azure Firewall’s capability for handling traffic across both public and private endpoints.
Azure Web Application Firewall DRS and CRS Rules and Rule Groups
\n
The Azure Web Application Firewall consists of the Core Rule Sets (CRS) or Default Rules Sets (DRS) which are rules that protect web applications from common vulnerabilities and exploits. These rulesets are managed by Azure making them easy to deploy to protect against a common set of security threats.
\n
\n
The Application Gateway WAF consists of rules based on the OWASP CRS 3.2, 3.1 or 3.0. Additionally, the Application Gateway WAF now supports the Default Ruleset (DRS) 2.1. The Default Ruleset (DRS) is an Azure managed ruleset that is baselined from the OWASP CRS rules and includes the Microsoft Threat Intelligence (MSTIC) rules that are written in partnership with the Microsoft Intelligence team.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive Data Protection
\n
The sensitive data protection for WAF is a feature that masks sensitive data (such as passwords, IP addresses) that can be read within the WAF logs. Normally, when a WAF rule is triggered, the WAF logs the details of the request in clear text. To protect against the exposure of sensitive data, the Web Application Firewall's (WAF's) Log Scrubbing tool (preview) assists to remove sensitive data from the WAF logs by using a rules engine that allows one to build custom rules to identify specific portions of a request that contain sensitive information. Once identified, the tool scrubs that information from your logs and replaces it with *******.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive JavaScript Challenge (Preview)
\n
The Azure WAF JavaScript Challenge is a powerful security feature designed to help protect web applications from automated bot attacks. When a client attempts to access a protected web application, the WAF injects a lightweight JavaScript challenge that must be executed by the client’s browser. Legitimate browsers can handle this challenge seamlessly, while malicious bots typically fail to execute the JavaScript, thus blocking their access. This proactive approach significantly reduces the risk of automated attacks such as scraping, credential stuffing, and other malicious activities, enhancing the overall security posture of web applications without disrupting the user experience.
Azure Web Application Firewall Inspection Limits and Size Limits
\n
Azure WAF has introduced the capability to independently configure inspection limits and size limits, giving users more flexibility in managing traffic. Previously, the inspection limit and size limit were tied together, meaning that requests exceeding the defined size limit were not only rejected but also excluded from inspection. Now, with this separation, users can configure different thresholds: the size limit controls whether a request is allowed based on its size, while the inspection limit governs the maximum request size that will be inspected for threats. This separation allows large requests to pass without triggering rejections, while still inspecting smaller requests for security risks, providing a more balanced and customizable security posture.
Azure Firewall Manager now also manages WAF Policy and DDoS Protection plans. This will assist organizations to easily manage and control their network security policy deployments. Check out What is Azure Firewall Manager? | Microsoft Learn for more information on this.
Azure Firewall Policy Analytics provides deeper insights, centralized visibility and greater granular control to Azure Firewall rules and policies. Policy Analytics enables one to easily and efficiently fine-tune Azure Firewall rules and policies ensuring enhanced security and compliance.
3.3.4 Restrict creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans with Azure Policy
\n
If you are looking to prevent unplanned or unapproved costs associated with the creation of multiple DDoS plans within the same tenant, check out this Azure Policy template. This policy denies the creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans on any subscriptions, except for the ones defined as allowed.
During an active access, Azure DDoS Network Protection customers have access to the DDoS Rapid Response (DRR) team, who can help with attack investigation during an attack and post-attack analysis.
\n
\n
This DDoS Mitigation Alert Enrichment template will alert administrators of a DDoS event, while adding essential information in the body of the email for a more detailed notification.
\n
\n
4 Integrations
\n
\n
Using Azure Sentinel with Azure Web Application Firewall
\n
\n
You can integrate Azure WAF with Azure Sentinel for security information event management (SIEM). By doing this, you can use Azure Sentinel’s security analytics, playbooks and workbooks with your WAF’s log data.
\n
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how to configure the log connector, query logs, generate incidents, and automate responses to incidents.
\n
\n
Using Azure Sentinel Solutions for Azure Firewall
\n
\n
The Azure Firewall Solution provides new threat detections, hunting queries, a new firewall workbook and response automation as packaged content. This enables you to find the appropriate solution easily and then deploy all the components in the solution in a single step from the Solutions blade in Azure Sentinel.
\n
\n
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how automate detections and response for Azure Firewall events using Azure Sentinel.
\n
\n
5 Hands-on Labs
\n
\n
Network Security Demo lab: Azure pre-configured test deployment kit for POC is available in this repository. You can use this lab to validate Proof of Concepts for the different Network security products. You can find more information on set up and demo in the NetSec POC blogpost
\n
WAF Attack test lab: Set up a Web Application Firewall lab environment to verify how you can identify, detect and protect against suspicious activities in your environment. This blogpost provides steps to protect against potential attacks, and you can deploy the template from GitHub.
\n
\n
Interactive Guide: If you cannot set up a lab environment, you can still get a hands-on experience with our Azure network security interactive guide. In this guide, we will show you how you can protect your cloud infrastructure with Azure network security tools.
\n
\n
6 Resource References
\n
\n
Register for upcoming webinars or watch recordings of past webinars in our Microsoft Security Community!
In this blog post, we will walk you through basic to advanced scenarios for Azure network security. Ready to become an Azure NetSec ninja? Dive right in!
\n
\n
Check back here routinely, as we will keep updating this blog post with new content as it becomes available.
\n
\n
Anything in here that could be improved or may be missing? Let us know in the comments below, we’re looking forward to hearing from you.
Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) running on Azure Front Door and Azure Application Gateway, now supports JavaScript (JS) challenge. Azure WAF JavaScript challenge is available as a new mitigation action as part of the Bot Manager rule set and custom rules. The JavaScript challenge is an invisible web challenge used to distinguish between legitimate users and bots. Malicious bots fail the challenge, which protects web applications. In addition, the JavaScript challenge is beneficial as it reduces friction for legitimate users since it doesn't require any human intervention.
\n
\n
\nAzure Network Security Ninja Training Sections\n
Knowledge Check
\n
\n
Take the Azure Network Security Ninja Knowledge Test to confirm your Azure Network Security Ninja Skills.
\n\n
Once you have completed the training, take the knowledge check here.
\n
If you score more than 80% in the knowledge check, request your certificate here. If you achieved less than 80%, please review the training material again and re-take the assessment.
\n\n
\n
1 The Basics
\n
\n
1.1 Introduction to network security concepts
\n
\n
This module introduces general concepts of network and web application security.
\n
\n
1.1.1 Network security in Azure
\n
Be familiar with network security concepts and ways you can achieve a secure network deployment in the Azure cloud.
Azure DDoS Network Protection, combined with application design best practices, provides enhanced DDoS mitigation features to defend against DDoS attacks.
This MS Learn module will show you how to guard your Azure services from a denial-of-service attack using Azure DDoS Protection.
\n
\n
1.2.1.2 Azure DDoS Protection - IP Protection
\n
\n
IP Protection is a new SKU for Azure DDoS Protection that is designed with SMBs in mind and delivers enterprise-grade, and cost-effective DDoS protection. You can defend against L3/L4 DDoS attacks with always-on monitoring and adaptive tuning that ensure your application is always protected. With IP Protection, you now have the flexibility to enable protection on a single public IP. Azure DDoS Protection integrates seamlessly with other Azure services for real-time alerts, metrics, and insights to strengthen your security posture.
Azure Firewall is a managed, cloud-based network security service that protects your Azure Virtual Network resources. It's a fully stateful firewall as a service with built-in high availability and unrestricted cloud scalability.
Azure Firewall Manager is a security management service that provides central security policy and route management for cloud-based security perimeters.
This MS Learn module will describe how Azure Firewall protects Azure Virtual Network resources, including the Azure Firewall features, rules, deployment options, and administration with Azure Firewall Manager.
\n
\n
1.2.3 Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF)
\n
\n
Web Application Firewall (WAF) provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities. You can deploy WAF on Azure Application Gateway or WAF on Azure Front Door.
This MS Learn module will show how Azure Web Application Firewall protects Azure web applications from common attacks, including its features, how it’s deployed, and its common use cases.
\n
\n
2 Architecture and Deployments
\n
\n
2.1 Standalone Deployments
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2.1.1 Azure DDoS Protection
\n
\n
When deploying Azure DDoS Protection, keep in mind that public IPs in ARM-based VNETs are currently the only type of protected resource. Public IPs that are part of PaaS services (multitenant) are not supported for Azure DDoS Network Protection SKU at this time.
\n
\n
The main steps to deploy Azure DDoS Network Protection are:
You can choose to deploy Azure Firewall Basic SKU, Azure Firewall Standard SKU or Azure Firewall Premium SKU. Check the documentation below to get an understanding of their feature differences:
It is also possible to upgrade or downgrade between the Azure Firewall Standard and Azure Firewall Premium SKUs. This upgrade/downgrade feature allows you to easily and efficiently move between these two SKUs without service downtime, with a single click of a button.
During your planning stages, it’s also a good idea to refer to the known issues for these products. Being aware of these known issues will save you time and stress when deploying your Azure Firewall.
Structured Firewall Logs - This new Azure Firewall log type enables the use of resource-specific tables instead of the existing AzureDiagnostic table. The structured logs contain more detailed view of firewall events and provide more metadata such as time of the event and the name of the Azure Firewall instance.\n
Azure Firewall Resource Health - This enables one to view the health status of Azure Firewall and address service problems that may affect the Azure Firewall resource. This will allow teams to receive proactive notifications regarding potential health degradations and recommended mitigation actions for each health event type.\n
Built-in Firewall Workbook - The Azure Firewall Workbook provides a dynamic ability for Azure Firewall data analysis. You can use it to create rich visual reports within the Azure portal. You can tap into multiple Firewalls deployed across Azure and combine them into unified interactive experiences. This workbook is now available within the Azure Firewall instance, providing an easy and convenient way to track your Azure Firewall statistics.\n
Azure Firewall can be configured in proxy mode to enable the sending application direct traffic to the firewall's private IP address without the use of a User Defined Route (UDR).
Azure Firewall integration with O365 enables the ability to secure and manage traffic destined to O365 endpoints in an efficient and simplified manner. This is achieved through the use of Azure Firewall built-in service tags and FQDN tags which group the required IPv4 addresses by Office365 service and category. The service tags and FQDN tags can be used in the Firewall Network rules or Application rules to secure traffic destined to the O365 endpoint or IP address.
You can also check out this Azure Firewall Deep Dive on YouTube (82 minutes). It covers almost everything you need to know!
\n
\n
Azure Firewall NAT
\n
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used to map one IP address to another, helping with scenarios such as IP address translation between private and public networks. Azure Firewall supports two types of NAT: Source Network Address Translation (SNAT), which changes the source IP address of outbound traffic, and Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT), which maps inbound traffic to a specific destination IP address.
Private IP DNAT support was recently introduced, allowing Azure Firewall to map inbound traffic to private IP addresses in your network. This feature enables secure and scalable connectivity to internal resources, even when those resources are hosted on private IPs within a virtual network, broadening Azure Firewall’s capability for handling traffic across both public and private endpoints.
Azure Web Application Firewall DRS and CRS Rules and Rule Groups
\n
The Azure Web Application Firewall consists of the Core Rule Sets (CRS) or Default Rules Sets (DRS) which are rules that protect web applications from common vulnerabilities and exploits. These rulesets are managed by Azure making them easy to deploy to protect against a common set of security threats.
\n
\n
The Application Gateway WAF consists of rules based on the OWASP CRS 3.2, 3.1 or 3.0. Additionally, the Application Gateway WAF now supports the Default Ruleset (DRS) 2.1. The Default Ruleset (DRS) is an Azure managed ruleset that is baselined from the OWASP CRS rules and includes the Microsoft Threat Intelligence (MSTIC) rules that are written in partnership with the Microsoft Intelligence team.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive Data Protection
\n
The sensitive data protection for WAF is a feature that masks sensitive data (such as passwords, IP addresses) that can be read within the WAF logs. Normally, when a WAF rule is triggered, the WAF logs the details of the request in clear text. To protect against the exposure of sensitive data, the Web Application Firewall's (WAF's) Log Scrubbing tool (preview) assists to remove sensitive data from the WAF logs by using a rules engine that allows one to build custom rules to identify specific portions of a request that contain sensitive information. Once identified, the tool scrubs that information from your logs and replaces it with *******.
Azure Web Application Firewall Sensitive JavaScript Challenge (Preview)
\n
The Azure WAF JavaScript Challenge is a powerful security feature designed to help protect web applications from automated bot attacks. When a client attempts to access a protected web application, the WAF injects a lightweight JavaScript challenge that must be executed by the client’s browser. Legitimate browsers can handle this challenge seamlessly, while malicious bots typically fail to execute the JavaScript, thus blocking their access. This proactive approach significantly reduces the risk of automated attacks such as scraping, credential stuffing, and other malicious activities, enhancing the overall security posture of web applications without disrupting the user experience.
Azure Web Application Firewall Inspection Limits and Size Limits
\n
Azure WAF has introduced the capability to independently configure inspection limits and size limits, giving users more flexibility in managing traffic. Previously, the inspection limit and size limit were tied together, meaning that requests exceeding the defined size limit were not only rejected but also excluded from inspection. Now, with this separation, users can configure different thresholds: the size limit controls whether a request is allowed based on its size, while the inspection limit governs the maximum request size that will be inspected for threats. This separation allows large requests to pass without triggering rejections, while still inspecting smaller requests for security risks, providing a more balanced and customizable security posture.
Azure Firewall Manager now also manages WAF Policy and DDoS Protection plans. This will assist organizations to easily manage and control their network security policy deployments. Check out What is Azure Firewall Manager? | Microsoft Learn for more information on this.
Azure Firewall Policy Analytics provides deeper insights, centralized visibility and greater granular control to Azure Firewall rules and policies. Policy Analytics enables one to easily and efficiently fine-tune Azure Firewall rules and policies ensuring enhanced security and compliance.
3.3.4 Restrict creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans with Azure Policy
\n
If you are looking to prevent unplanned or unapproved costs associated with the creation of multiple DDoS plans within the same tenant, check out this Azure Policy template. This policy denies the creation of Azure DDoS Network Protection plans on any subscriptions, except for the ones defined as allowed.
During an active access, Azure DDoS Network Protection customers have access to the DDoS Rapid Response (DRR) team, who can help with attack investigation during an attack and post-attack analysis.
\n
\n
This DDoS Mitigation Alert Enrichment template will alert administrators of a DDoS event, while adding essential information in the body of the email for a more detailed notification.
\n
\n
4 Integrations
\n
\n
Using Azure Sentinel with Azure Web Application Firewall
\n
\n
You can integrate Azure WAF with Azure Sentinel for security information event management (SIEM). By doing this, you can use Azure Sentinel’s security analytics, playbooks and workbooks with your WAF’s log data.
\n
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how to configure the log connector, query logs, generate incidents, and automate responses to incidents.
\n
\n
Using Azure Sentinel Solutions for Azure Firewall
\n
\n
The Azure Firewall Solution provides new threat detections, hunting queries, a new firewall workbook and response automation as packaged content. This enables you to find the appropriate solution easily and then deploy all the components in the solution in a single step from the Solutions blade in Azure Sentinel.
\n
\n
In this blog post, we cover in further detail how automate detections and response for Azure Firewall events using Azure Sentinel.
\n
\n
5 Hands-on Labs
\n
\n
Network Security Demo lab: Azure pre-configured test deployment kit for POC is available in this repository. You can use this lab to validate Proof of Concepts for the different Network security products. You can find more information on set up and demo in the NetSec POC blogpost
\n
WAF Attack test lab: Set up a Web Application Firewall lab environment to verify how you can identify, detect and protect against suspicious activities in your environment. This blogpost provides steps to protect against potential attacks, and you can deploy the template from GitHub.
\n
\n
Interactive Guide: If you cannot set up a lab environment, you can still get a hands-on experience with our Azure network security interactive guide. In this guide, we will show you how you can protect your cloud infrastructure with Azure network security tools.
\n
\n
6 Resource References
\n
\n
Register for upcoming webinars or watch recordings of past webinars in our Microsoft Security Community!
Become an Azure Network Security Ninja! We have gathered essential materials, from foundational to advanced concepts, to help you master network security in Azure.
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Excellent content, there is always a lot to learn and improve. I do miss the Azure Monitor Private Link Scope as a topic. Shouldn't that be included in this NetSec Ninja training? camilamartins
Hi AndrePKI Thanks for the suggestion. However, the current scope of this Ninja training is on Azure Firewall/Firewall Manager, Azure WAF and Azure DDoS.
_Igor_Schulz there a lot of different Ninja badges in this community, they are unofficial and just a fun way to get a small reward. The actual MS Certification exams are much more difficult.
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Microsoft
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