We are excited to announce the General Availability (GA) of Premium SSD v2 for Azure Database for PostgreSQL flexible server. With Premium SSD v2, you can achieve up to 4× higher IOPS, significantly lower latency, and better price-performance for I/O-intensive PostgreSQL workloads. With independent scaling of storage and performance, you can now eliminate overprovisioning and unlock predictable, high-performance PostgreSQL at scale.

This release is especially impactful for OLTP, SaaS, and high‑concurrency applications that require consistent performance and reliable scaling under load.

In this post, we will cover:

• Why Premium SSD v2: Core capabilities such as flexible disk sizing, higher performance, and independent scaling of capacity and I/O.
• Premium SSD v2 vs. Premium SSD: A side‑by‑side overview of what’s new and what’s improved.
• Pricing: Pricing estimates.
• Performance: Benchmarking results across two workload scenarios.
• Migration options: How to move from Premium SSD to Premium SSD v2 using restore and read‑replica approaches.
• Availability and support: Regional availability, supported features, current limitations, and how to get started.

 

• Flexible Disk Size - Storage can be provisioned from 32 GiB to 64 TiB in 1 GiB increments, allowing you to pay only for required capacity without scaling disk size for performance.
• High Performance -Achieve up to 80,000 IOPS and 1,200 MiB/s throughput on a single disk, enabling high-throughput OLTP and mixed workloads.
• Adapt instantly to workload changes:  With Premium SSD v2, performance is no longer tied to disk size. Independently tune IOPS and throughput without downtime, ensuring your database keeps up with real-time demand.
• Free baseline performance: Premium SSD v2 includes built-in baseline performance at no additional cost. Disks up to 399 GiB automatically include 3,000 IOPS and 125 MiB/s, while disks sized 400 GiB and larger include up to 12,000 IOPS and 500 MiB/s.

                          

 

Pricing for Premium SSD v2 is similar to Premium SSD, but will vary depending on the storage, IOPS, and bandwidth configuration set for a Premium SSD v2 disk. Pricing information is available on the pricing page or pricing calculator.

 

Premium SSD v2 is designed for IO‑intensive workloads that require sub‑millisecond disk latencies, high IOPS, and high throughput at a lower cost. To demonstrate the performance impact, we ran pgbench on Azure Database for PostgreSQL using the test profile below.

To minimize external variability and ensure a fair comparison:

• Client virtual machines and the database server were deployed in the same availability zone in the East US region.
• Compute, region, and availability zones were kept identical.
• The only variable changed was the storage tier.
• TPC-B benchmark using pgbench with a database size of 350 GiB.

 

 

Premium SSD v2 eliminates the traditional storage bottleneck by scaling linearly up to 80,000 IOPS, while Premium SSD plateaus early due to fixed performance limits. To demonstrate this, we configured each storage tier with its maximum supported IOPS and throughput while keeping all other variables constant. Premium SSD v2 achieves up to 4x higher IOPS at nearly half the cost, without requiring large disk sizes.

 

 

   Note: Premium SSD requires a 32 TiB disk to reach 20K IOPS, while SSD v2 achieves 80K IOPS even on a 160 GiB disk though we used 1 TiB disk in this test for a bigger scaling factor for pgbench test.

We ran pgbench across five workload profiles, ranging from 32 to 256 concurrent clients, with each test running for 20 minutes. The results go beyond incremental improvements and highlight a material shift in how applications scale with Premium SSD v2.

 

As concurrency increases, Premium SSD quickly reaches its IOPS limits while Premium SSD v2 continues to scale.

• At 32 clients: Premium SSD v2 achieved 10,562 TPS vs 4,123 TPS on Premium SSD representing a 156% performance improvement.
• At 256 clients: At higher load, Premium SSD v2 achieved over 43,000 TPS representing a 279% improvement compared to the 11,465 TPS observed on Premium SSD.

                                                               

 

Throughput is an indication of how much work is done while latency reflects how quickly users experience it. Premium SSD v2 maintains consistently low latency even as workload increases.

• Reduced Wait Times: 61–74% lower latency across all test phases.
• Consistency under Load: Premium SSD latency increased to 22.3 ms, while Premium SSD v2 maintained a latency of 5.8 ms, remaining stable even under peak load.

 

 

 

The table below illustrates the IOPS behavior observed during benchmarking for both storage tiers.

 

 

 

 

At the same price point, Premium SSD v2 delivers higher throughput and lower latency than Premium SSD without requiring any application changes. To demonstrate this, we ran multiple pgbench tests using two workload configurations 8 clients / 8 threads and 32 clients / 32 threads with each run lasting 20 minutes. Results were consistent across all runs, with Premium SSD v2 consistently outperforming Premium SSD. Both configurations cost $578/month, the only difference is storage performance.

 

Moderate concurrency (8 clients)
Premium SSD v2 delivered approximately 154% higher throughput (Transactions Per Second) than Premium SSD (1,813 TPS vs. 715 TPS), while average latency decreased by about 60% (from ~11.1 ms to ~4.4 ms).

High concurrency (32 clients)
The performance gap increases as concurrency grows, Premium SSD v2 delivered about 169% higher throughput than Premium SSD (3,643 TPS vs. ~1,352 TPS) and reduced average latency by around 67% (from ~26.3 ms to ~8.7 ms).

 

                                                    

 

 

 

 

• In the 8‑client, 8‑thread test, Premium SSD reached its IOPS ceiling early, operating at 100% utilization, while Premium SSD v2 retained approximately 30% headroom under the same workload delivering 8,037 IOPS vs 3,761 IOPS with Premium SSD.
• When the workload increased to 32 clients and 32 threads, both tiers approached their IOPS limits however, Premium SSD v2 sustained a significantly higher performance ceiling, delivering approximately 2.75x higher IOPS (13,620 vs. 4,968) under load.

          Key Takeaway: With Premium SSD v2, you do not need to choose between cost and performance you get both. At the same price, applications  run faster, scale further, and maintain lower latency without any code changes.

 

 

Migrating is simple and fast. You can migrate from Premium SSD to Premium SSD v2 using the two strategies below with minimal downtime. These methods are generally quicker than logical migration strategies, such as exporting and restoring data using pg_dump and pg_restore.

• Restore from Premium SSD to Premium SSD v2
• Migrate using Read Replicas

When migrating from Premium SSD to Premium SSD v2, using a virtual endpoint helps keep downtime to a minimum and allows applications to continue operating without requiring configuration changes after the migration.

After the migration completes, you can stop the original server until your backup requirements are met. Once the required backup retention period has elapsed and all new backups are available on the new server, the original server can be safely deleted.

 

Premium SSD v2 is available in 48 regions worldwide for Azure Database for PostgreSQL – Flexible Server. For the most up‑to‑date information on regional availability, supported features, and current limitations, refer to the official Premium SSD v2 documentation.

 

 To learn more, review the official documentation for storage configuration available with Azure Database for PostgreSQL. Your feedback is important to us, have suggestions, ideas, or questions? We would love to hear from you: https://aka.ms/pgfeedback.